2026-04-28T15:26:10Z https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/oai

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/2 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengaruh Jus Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Profil Farmakokinetik Simetidin pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Julaicha, Siti Ramadhan, Adam M Rusli, Rolan Cimetidine, Papaya, Pharmacokinetics Drugs used with foods or drinks can affect the drug effects. This study aims to observe the effect of papaya juice (Carica papaya L.) to the pharmacokinetics profile of cimetidine in white rats. The animal were randomly in three group. Group 1 (cimetidine) was given a single oral cimetidine 3,6 mg/200gBW. Group 2 (cimetidine and papaya juice dose I) was given cimetidine 3,6 mg/200gBW together with papaya juice 4,5 g /200gBW. Group 3 (cimetidine and papaya juice dose II) was given cimetidine 3,6 mg/200gBW together with papaya juice 9 g /200gBW. The serial blood was collected for 4 hours on lateralis vein of rats tail. Determination of cimetidine in plasma performed by spectrophotometer UV. The pharmacokinetic parameters of cimetidine were calculated by regresi linear method and recidual method and were analyzed by One Way ANOVA using 95 % confidence interval. Based on research results showed that the group II and group III increased of ka, Cpmaks, tmaks, Cl, AUC and decreased ke, t½ab and t½el. Group III provides the most affect the cimetidine pharmacokinetics profile with decreased absorption and elimination and increased metabolism of cimetidine in rat. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/2 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 148–155 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/2/1 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/3 2025-05-15T09:07:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Efek Antimikroba Sediaan Salep Kulit Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Sungkai (Peronema Canencens Jack.) terhadap Bakteri Patogen Penginfeksi Luka Bakar Ibrahim, Arsyik Ahmad, Islamudin Narsa, Angga Cipta Sastyarina, Yurika P. canencens Jack Formulation Antimicrobials B. subtilis S. aureus P. aeruginosa Str. Mutans Research on the effects of skin ointment dosage active ingredient ethyl acetate leaf extract Sungkai (Peronema canencens Jack.) has be done burns infection against pathogens bacteria. This study aims to determine the effective concentration of the ethyl acetate extract antimicrobial in skin ointment preparations against pathogens skin burns infection. Test material obtained by fractionation of the methanol extract of leaves Sungkai, further formulated into an ointment base, was tested to determine the effective concentration of activity. The results obtained by the concentration of effective skin ointment preparation with the active ingredient ethyl acetate leaf extract Sungkai is 4% for gram-positive bacteria: B. subtilis and S. aureus, dankonsentrasi 2% for gram-negative bacteria: P. aeruginosa and Str. mutans. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/3 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 125-131 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/3/2 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/4 2025-05-15T08:46:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Stirillakton Terasetilisasi dari Daun Tendani (Goniothalamus macrophyllus Hook.f. & Thoms) Asal Kalimantan Timur Rahmadani, Agung Daun tendani goniothalamus macrophyllus stirillakton 9 - deoksigoniopipiron asetat Senyawa turunan stirillakton terasetilisasi telah berhasil diisolasi dari daun tendani (Goniothalamus macrophyllus Hook.f. & Thoms) asal Kalimantan Timur. Isolasi dimulai dengan maserasi menggunakan metanol, kemudian difraksinasi dengan n-heksana dan etil asetat. Ekstrak etil asetat diisolasi dengan teknik kromatografi kolom. Struktur isolat ditentukan strukturnya berdasarkan Spektroskopi Massa (MS),  NMR (1D dan 2D). Struktur turunan stirillakton yang berhasil diisolasi diketahui sebagai 9-deoksigoniopipiron asetat. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/4 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.4 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 239-245 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/4/6 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/5 2025-05-15T09:07:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Stabilitas Fisik dan Kimia Minyak Biji Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Selama Penyimpanan Saputri, Delima Fitriani, Victoria Yulita Masruhim, Muhammad Amir Terminalia catappa L. Storage Period Physical and Chemical Stability Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) is each one potentialy to producting of nabati oil. The research is purposes to determine effect of storage period on room and extreme temperature of ketapang seeds oil’s physical and chemical stability. Ketapang seeds oil was getted from ketapang seeds extraction by n-hexana with soxhletasi method. Ketapang seeds oil stability evaluation on room temperature 27 â€“ 30 °C as long as 50 days and extreme temperature 65 Â°C as long as 10 days. Physical stability that color, aroma, and flavor use organolepticly, pH use pH-meter, density use piknometer, and viscosity use Oswald viscometer. Chemical stability that acid value, peroxide value, and soap value by titration method, and amount of tocopherol compound by spectrometry method. The result data was analyzed with linier regretion. The analyzed result of aroma, flavor, pH, density, soap value, and tocopherol compound showed descend linier, viscosity, acid value, and peroxide value showed ascend linier, and color of ketapang seeds oil is stabil as long as storage on room and extreme temperature. Storage period on extreme temperature more significant than room temperature to effect evaluation result of ketapang seeds oil’s physical and chemical parameters. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/5 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 132-145 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/5/3 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/6 2025-12-23T02:36:42Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Gel Mulut Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam Kalimantan sebagai Antimikroba Penyebab Radang Gusi (Gingivitis) dan Gigi Berlubang (Caries) Prasetya, Fajar Narsa, Angga Cipta antimicrobial oral gel black piper betle gingiv itis cavities This study aimed to test the activity of active ingredient mouth gel preparation of kalimantan black piper betle leaf extract with the main base of Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose namely (HEC) as a mucoadhesive polymer that is able to increase the attractive forces between the active material with a layer of mucus that will extend the contact time with the active ingredient tissue targets, moreover would be increase the effectiveness of antimicrobial activity causes inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and tooth decay (caries). Activities that have been implemented are mouth gel activity assays with Kalimantan black piper betle leaf extract as in- vitro using the agar diffusion method pitting. In testing with active oral gel preparation of black piper betle leaf extract with the main base of Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose namely (HEC) as in vitro, it can be seen that the sample may provide the inhibitory effect of the fungus Candida albicans and the bacterium Streptococcus mutans in the presence of a clear zone indicated on the medium. Furthermore, at this stage of the dilution of the gel in twice causing decline in the effectiveness of the inhibition of both the fungus Candida albicans and the bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The results of in- vitro testing without dilution is 19.8 mm in bacteria Streptococcus mutans and 34.4 mm in the fungus Candida albicans. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/6 10.30872/jtpc.v2i3.6 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 146-151 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/6/5 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/7 2025-05-15T09:07:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Efek Hemostatis Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sisik Naga (Drymoglossum Piloselloides Presl.) pada Tikus Jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.) Rahayu, Ika Kuncoro, Hadi Ibrahim, Arsyik hemostatic Drymoglossum Piloselloides Presl. bleeding time The research is The Hemostatic Effect of Sisik Naga Leaves (Drymoglossum Piloselloides  Presl.) Metanol Extract of Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) has been done. This reseach’s purposes to determine the hemostatic effect, optimum dose and optimum measured time of Sisik Naga Leaves extract with bleeding time as its parameter used tail bleeding. Dose of Sisik Naga extract are 12.5 mg/kgBW, 25 mg/kgBW, and 50 mg/kgBW and NaCMC has been used as negative control, they were given twice a day in one day treatment. Tail bleeding by cutting the rat’s tail has been done on 12th, 24th, and 36th hour after the treatment. The result data was analyzed with two way Analysis of Varian (Anava) and followed BNJD test. The test results showed that bleeding time of negative control NaCMC is 143.15 seconds and bleeding time of Sisik Naga leaves extract with dose 12.5 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 82.62 second, 24th hours 60.27 second, 36th hours 76.36 second, dose 25 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 65.76 second, 24th hours 39.33 second, 36th hours 90.02 second, and dose 50 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 53.97 second, 24th hours 23.82 second, 36th hours 72.85. The best dose which optimum effect of hemostatic is 50 mg/kgBW with measured time on 24 hours after orally extract. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/7 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 152-158 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/7/7 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/8 2025-05-15T09:07:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Uji Stabilitas Formula Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Umbi Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana L. Merr.) Ahmad, Islamudin Agus, Adhe Septa Ryant bulb onions dayak sunscreen formulas test stability skin cancer Has conducted research on formulation and stability of sunscreen cream onion bulb extract dayak ( Eleutherine Americana L. Merr . ) . From the empirical data for the onions dayak has been used as an anti- cancer prevention and treatment by people of Borneo so it needs to be further investigated to obtain the data laboratory to support the empirical data . Several classes of secondary metabolites found in the bulbs of onions dayak alkaloids , glycosides , flavonoids , phenolics , steroids and tannins . The study was conducted as the basis for the formulation of sunscreen preparations aimed at the prevention of skin cancer . The study was conducted with bulb onions dayak extraction using Soxhlet method with solvent n - hexane , ethyl acetate , n - butanol , and ethanol as the active ingredient of the formula of making preparations . Tests conducted on formulations A and B with the concentration of garlic bulb extract dayak by 0.1% , consisting of physical stability test ( organoleptic , homogeneity ) and chemical ( pH and dosage ) in order to obtain a stable dosage formula . The test results obtained on the organoleptic test was no change in the observations made on each preparation before and after storage at room temperature on day - 7 , -14 , and -21 . Then the homogeneity test of the hedonic test results at 95% confidence level ( SNI 01-2346-2006 ) , concluded that the homogeneity of the preparation in all formulas produced in the category of smooth . Further testing on the pH stability and pH 5.5 to 8.0 to be produced that Formula A and Formula B to pH 7.0 to 7.7 with various concentrations of the extract , after 21 days of storage , inferred pH remains stable and safe dosage for used ( SNI 16-4399-1996 ) as formula sunscreen preparations made from onion bulb extract dayak . Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/8 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 159-165 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/8/8 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/9 2025-05-15T08:46:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Observasi Klinik Efek Formula Jamu Dispepsia terhadap Fungsi Hati Triyono, Agus Astana, PR Widhi T.I, Sunu Pamadyo liver function dyspepsia herbs formula Dyspepsia is a syndrome that includes one or more of the symptoms of the stomach feeling full after eating , satiety or burning sensation in the pit of the stomach , which takes place at least in the last 3 months. Dyspepsia is often found in medical practice. Has conducted research the effect of dyspepsia herbs formula to the liver functions (SGOT and SGPT). Safety of clinical trials were conducted by the study of pre - post design research. It was involving 69 subjects who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subject drink the dyspepsia herb formula three times a day for eight weeks, then controlled it once a week. Each control conducted clinical observation the possibility of side effects and performed a physical examination diagnostic. Research subjects examined liver function (SGOT and SGPT) every four weeks. The results of anamsesis and physical examination on the subject during treatment and after treatment was not found significant side effects. Results of analysis of paired test showed,  there was no significant difference  (t < 0,05) levels of SGOT and SGPT before treatment and after giving dyspepsia herbs formula in day 28th and 56th . Giving dyspepsia herbs formula for 56 days on the subject of the study found no symptoms of serious side effects, as well as not to disturb liver function. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/9 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.9 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 246-250 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/9/9 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/10 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengembangan Sistem Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) Meloxicam dengan Lipid Monostearin dan Miglyol 808 Menggunakan Metode Emulsifikasi Annisa, Rahmi Hendradi, Esti Melani, Dewi The aim this study was to determine the effect of Monostearin and Miglyol 808 lipid ratio in NLC system formulation resulting in physicochemical characteristics, release rate, and penetration rate. The NLC making was done by using emulsification method. In the formulation of NLC meloxicam, 3 different lipid ratios were used, including ratios of 6:4, 7:3, 8:2.  Meloxicam served as active ingredient, monostearin served as solid lipid, miglyol 808 served as a liquid lipid, and tween 80 was surfactant. NLC meloxicam physicochemical characteristics include tests of organoleptic, pH, viscosity, particle size, particle morphology and entrapment efficiency. NLC meloxicam belongs to semisolid preparations with pH value range of 5,72-5,87. Increasing viscosity of NLC system are cause by increase of solid lipid. The measurement results of particle size of three different lipid formulas indicated that the lipid particle size was <1000 nm. Test of NLC particle morphology by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) indicated the spherical particle shape (round). Entrapment efficiency test of all NLC-lipid compositions revealed quite high result (> 80%). The determination of release rate (flux) and penetration rate (flux) was conducted by using Franz diffusion cells with a cellophane membrane for the release and Wistar rat’s skin membrane for the penetration. The release rate values of three NLC meloxicam formulas showed p value (sig) 0,005, while the penetration rate obtained p value (sig) 0,091. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/10 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 156–169 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/10/10 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/11 2025-05-15T09:07:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Potensi Tumbuhan Libo (Ficus variegata, Blume) sebagai Sumber Bahan Farmasi Potensial Rijai, Laode Tumbuhan Libo ( Ficus variegata) bahan farmasi potensial Libo ( Ficus varieagata ) is a wild plant that has not been utilized in any form , including traditional because it has latex plant fruit and bark , and if the latex on the skin cause itching occurs even irritation . The nature of that cause undesirable fruit so that the fruit -eating animals are well maintained . Libo ripe fruit on the tree will fall to the ground and grow into a tree Libo Libo dewasa.Potensi plant fruiting and fruit continuously disliked fruit -eating animals that populations of plants Libo maintained and continues to grow . Has conducted numerous studies on fruit Libo relation with potential pharmaceutical and proven potential as a source of antioxidant , cytotoxic or anticancer , exterminator larval A. aegypti , and as an antibacterial . These potentials can be used as a preservative , an anticancer drug , and a source of antibiotics if the research is done in detail . Libo fruit also contains a group of secondary metabolites are highly variable so it still allows for other uses - uses in the pharmaceutical field . Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/11 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 166-179 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/11/12 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/12 2026-04-28T02:41:36Z jtpc:ART driver

Formulasi Nanopartikel Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl) Merr) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Kitosan-Tripolifosfat (TPP) Pakki, Ermina Sumarheni, Sumarheni F, Asiyah Ismail, Ismail Safirahidzni, Syarfina Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl) Merr.) nanoparticles chitosan tripolyphosphate ionic gelation Bawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl) Merr.) ethanol extract had been known to have excellent antioxidant activity that has the potential to be developed into a nanoparticle delivery systems. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of chitosan - tripolyphosphate (TPP) to the physical characteristics of nanoparticles. Bawang dayak extract formulated in the form of nanoparticles with an ionic gelation method and and using polymers chitosan - tripolyphospate varying concentration as 0.5% : 0.5% (F1), 0.75% : 0.5% (F2), and 1% : 0.5% (F3). The measured parameters were determinating particle size and polydispersity index using particle size analyzer, observation of particle morph using scanning electron microscopy, measurement of entrapment efficiency and dissolution in vitro. The result showed that the average size of nanoparticle F1, F2, and F3 respectively is 256.30 nm, 376 nm and 419.18 nm with entrapment efficiency respectively is 69.54% (F1), 77.51% (F2) and 79.79% (F3) with a relatively homogenous size distribution and entrapment efficiencies respectively is 69.54%, 77.51% and 79.79%. Observation of morphology of the nanoparticles shows the particle shape is almost sphere (spherical) with a rough surface. The profile of drug release from the nanoparticles F1, F2, and F3 in 8 hours respectively is 71.19% (F1), 74.97% (F2) and 80.55% (F3). Based on this study, it was concluded that the etanol extract of bawang dayak can be formulated into nanoparticles with different physical characteristics based on the ratio of polymer chitosan and tripolyphosphate used. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/12 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.12 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 251-263 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/12/14 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/13 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Perubahan Profil Farmakokinetika Ibuprofen yang Diberikan dengan Kombinasi Vitamin C pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus L.) Prabowo, Sattrio Desrianto Ibrahim, Arsyik Sulistiarini, Riski Ibuprofen, Vitamin C, Farmakokinetik Ibuprofen is one of the NSAID (NonSteroid Anti Inflamation Drug) drugs that has been widely used as antipyretic agent, analgesic dan anti-inflamation. Vitamin C is an important nutrient for the body and has been widely used to maintain health. Earlier study indicate patterns of interaction between vitamin C and NSAID drugs. The aims of this research were to study the influence of vitamin C to the pharmacokinetics profile of ibuprofen. The study was conducted using 9 rats rats, divided into 3 groups (n=3 per group). Each group was treated the following treatment : control ibuprofen (ibuprofen 7.2 mg/200 gBW), dose 1 group (ibuprofen 7,2 mg/200 gBW, and vitamin C 4,5 mg/200 gBW), and dose 2 group (ibuprofen 7,2 mg/200 gBW and vitamin C 9 mg/200 gBW). Blood sampling is done from the vein of rat’s tail at minutes 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360. The quantitation of ibuprofen in plasma was determined by UV spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength. Result showed that vitamin C changed the absorption of ibuprofen by prolonged the maximum plasma concentration time, reduce maximum levels of ibuprofen and vitamin C also changed the elimination of ibuprofen by prolonged the elimination time. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/13 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 170–178 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/13/11 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/14 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengaruh Penggunaan Asam Folat terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis Di RSUD Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Alvionita , Alvionita Ayu, Welinda Dyah Masruhim, Muhammad Amir Folic Acid, Hemoglobin, Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis Chronic kidney disease is a pathophysiological process with diverse etiology, resulting in a progressive decrease in renal function, and generally end up kidney failure.1 The aim of this research was to determine the effect of use folic acid on hemoglobin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis in the hospital Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda. The research design used in this study are pre-experimental form one group pretest-posttest design. Subjects consisted of 30 people who fit in inclusion criteria. The analysis includes univariate analysis by finding frequency distribution and bivariate analysis with paired t test. The result showed that there is a difference between hemoglobin levels before and after hemodialysis (pValue 0,001). Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/14 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 179–184 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/14/13 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/15 2025-05-15T09:07:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) P.A.N, Pindo Hardika Fridayanti, Aditya Rijai, Laode S.koetjape Merr Santol leaves Antibacteria A research has been conducted on the antibacterial activity of the santol leaves extract (S.koetjape Merr.) against S.aureus and E.coli. The santol leaves extracts were prepared by maceration used methanol as solvent and the methanol extract was then fractionated. The antibacterial activity was determined by measured the diameter of inhibition zones in difusi method. The result showed that santol leaves extracts and fractions has antibacterial activity against S.aureus and E.coli. The effective concentration as an antibacterial of methanol extracts is at 10%, and of n-hexane fractions is at 5%. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/15 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 180-185 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/15/15 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/16 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Hidrolisis Protein Tanduk Muda Rusa Sambar (Rusa unicolor) serta Potensinya sebagai Penurun Resiko Hipertensi Ismanto, Arif Tanduk muda rusa Sambar, Hidrolisis protein, Hipertensi, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui  tingkat  hidrolisis  tanduk muda rusa Sambar (Rusa unicolor) dengan  enzim  pencernaanm  yaitu  enzim  pepsin  dan tripsin,  serta  mengetahui  adanya  aktivitas  Angiotensin  I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor dari protein tanduk muda tersebut. Protein tanduk muda rusa Sambar dihidrolisis dengan enzim pepsin dan tripsin selanjutnya diuji aktivitas penghambatan ACE (ACE-I).  Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanduk muda rusa Sambar mengandung air 11,34 %; protein sebesar 22,4%; lemak 13,74% dan abu sebesar 37,29%. Potensi sebagai agen antihipertensi dilakukan uji penghambatan angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui adanya aktivitas penghambat ACE sebesar 83,38 % pada konsentrasi protein 1,266 mg/ml.  Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/16 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 185–190 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/16/16 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/17 2026-04-08T03:41:53Z jtpc:ART driver

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Gedi Merah terhadap Glukosa Darah, Malondialdehid, 8-Hdroksi-Deoksiguanosin, Insulin Tikus Diabetes Tandi, Joni Z, Muthi'ah H Yuliet, Yuliet Yusriadi, Yusriadi RGLE(Red Gedi Leaves Extract) Glukose 8-hidroksideoksiguanosin Malondialdehyde Insulin Red Gedi Leaves Extract (RGLE)  have phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins and tannins which known as antidiabetic agents. Study had been done about RGLE  (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic) on blood glucose level, 8-hydroxy-deoksiguanosin, malondialdehyde and insulin in diabetic rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study aims to prove the effects of RGLE in blood glucose levels, 8-hydroxy-deoksiguanosin, and malondialdehyde and insulin levels in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin and which is the most effective dosage of RGLE. Study used pre and post test design. RGLE obtained by maceration method using by ethanol 96%. There were 120 white male rats which were divided into six treatment groups, each group consisting of 20 individuals. Group I (healthy control), II (negative control) were given by Na-CMC 0.5%. Group III as the positive control were given by glibenclamide, group IV, V, and VI given by RGLE with different doses (150, 300 and 450)mg/kg BW. Animal test were diabetic induced by Streptozotocin with 40 mg/kg BW dosage i.p. Data were analyzed by One Way (ANOVA). The result  showed that RGLE can reduced blood glucose levels, 8-hydroxy-deoksiguanosin, and malondialdehyde and increased insulin levels in diabetic rats. The Effective Dosage of RGLE is 150 mg/kg BW. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/17 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.17 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 264-276 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/17/18 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/18 2025-05-15T09:07:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Penentuan Dosis Efektif Ekstrak Daun Pacar (Lawsonia inermis L.) sebagai Antiinflamasi Megawati, Selvi Herman, Herman Masruhim, Muhammad Amir Lawsonia inermis L. Anti-inflammatory. Rattus norvegicus Has been conducted a research of dose determination of effectiveness extract of Lawsonia inermis L. as anti-inflammatory on Rattus norvegicus. The purpose of this research is to gain an in depth understanding of effective dose of Lawsonia inermis L. as anti-inflammatory toward the reduction time of swelling on Rattus norvegicus’ feet .The method which being used was carrageenan induced on Rattus norvegicus’ feet. Rattus norvegicus were devided to 6 (six) group which a group as negative control was given sodium CMC orally, a group as positive control was given Sodium Diclofenac orally, and 4 (four) as test was given extract with 4 doses variation (50mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) orally to each of mice that has pre-conditioned to swell on its foot. The result shows that T-Count is bigger than T-Table with significant standart 0,05 and smaller than T-Table with significant standart 0,01. It proves that there is significant difference between sodium diclofenac and extract of Lawsonia inermis L in 100mg/kgBW.  That concludes that extract of Lawsonia inermis L. has anti-inflammatory effect with effective dose as anti-inflammatory in 100mg/kg. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/18 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 3 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 186-191 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/18/17 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/19 2026-04-08T03:39:41Z jtpc:ART driver

Profil Kadar Malondialdehida, Glukosa dan Kolesterol Pada Tikus Putih yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Febrina, Lizma Helmi, Helmi Rijai, Laode Malondialdehyde glucosa cholesterol Cigarette smoke is one of the potential of exogenous free radicals which can weaken antioxidant system so that can increase free radicals levels in the body. The increasing of free radicals can accelerating damage to cells that interfere with the metabolism in the body. This study aimed to determine whether free radicals from cigarette smoke can affect glucose and cholesterol levels in experimental animals. This research used male-2-old-month-rats that have weigth ± 200 grams and exposed to cigarette smoke as much as 1 stick every morning and afternoon for 7 days . The MDA levels was analyzed with Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) method by spectrophotometer UV-Vis in χ =531 nm, whereas glucose and cholesterol were measured using a test strip. The results of MDA increased 6x first level after exposed to cigarette smoke, glucose level increase 1,5x frist level and cholesterol deacrease 0,25x after exposed to cigarette smoke. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/19 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.19 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 277-282 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/19/19 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/20 2026-04-08T03:39:39Z jtpc:ART driver

Riset Sitotoksik Campuran Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L) dan Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) pada Sel Vero dan AML12 Mardja, Tuty Erlina Rahmi, Fitria Rusmawati, Eka Adriany, Rina Murtiningsih, Murtiningsih Setijanti, Herlina B. Usia, Tepy cytotoxiciy soursop leaves mangosteen pericarp vero cells AML12 cells IC50 Mix of soursop leaves and mangosteen pericarp use as cancer phytotherapy and antioxidant, but it is not yet known its toxicities data. The aim of this study was evaluate cytotoxicity effect of mix of soursop leaves and mangosteen pericarps extract on vero cells and AML12 cells. Toxicity study is one ways to predict the presence of toxic compounds using normal cells or cells that have undergone a transformation. That study was using vero cell and AML12. Samples was ethanolic extract of soursop leaves and mangosteen pericarp. The test dose were 100; 50; 25; 12,5; 6,25 dan 3,125 mg/mL in vero cell and 500; 250; 125; 62,5; 31,25 dan 15,625 mg/mL in AML12. Cells were cultured in well plate 96 and incubated in CO2, temperature 37°C for 24 hours and then added samples and incubated incubated in CO2, temperature 37°C for 24 hours. Cell was added MTT and read with ELISA reader. The results showed IC50 55,97mg/mL in vero cells and 43,292 mg/mL in AML12. Conclusion of this study is ethanolic extract of soursop leaves and mangosteen pericarps has toxicity effect in vero cells and AML12 cells (IC50<100 mg/mL). Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/20 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.20 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 289-290 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/20/20 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/21 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Antidotum Air Kelapa Hijau (Cocos nucifera L.) terhadap Keracunan Sianida pada Mencit (Mus musculus L.) Sulistia, Astri Sulistiarini, Riski Masruhim, Muhammad Amir Green coc onut water (Cocos nucifera L.), Antidotum, Toxin, Potassium cyanide, Sodium nitrite, Sodium tiosulphate Cyanide is a toxic compound that can interfere with health and reduce the nutrients bioavailability in the body. These toxins inhibit the body cells to get oxygen so that the most affected are the heart and brain. The aim of this study was to know the effect of green coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) as an antidote to cyanide poisoning in mice (Mus musculus L.). The method was in vivo antidote activity using potassium cyanide-induced toxic mice. The mice were divided into 3 groups, i.e. negative control, positive control and test group with green coconut water giving 100% concentration. Each group consisted of 5 mice. Observations of toxic symptoms after the induction of potassium cyanide performed in initial times and and the results are analyzed visually by comparing graphs based on each group of tests during 24 hours of observation. The results showed that the green coconut water with 100% concentration that given in mice showed the influence of the reduction in toxic symptoms such as abnormal posture.  Recovery of toxic effect in the test group by giving green coconut water was no better than the positive control group by giving sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate.  Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/21 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 191–196. 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/21/21 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/22 2026-04-08T03:39:01Z jtpc:ART driver

Formulasi Tablet Nanopartikel Ekstrak Terstandar Daun Pulai (Alstonia scholaris (L). R. BR) sebagai Antidiabetes Tambunan, Risma Marisi Rahmat, Deni Silalahi, Jenifer Sara Pulai leaves Alstonia scholaris nanoparticles α-glucosidase Pulai leaves (Alstonia scholaris (L). R. BR) is one of plants which has an antidiabetic effect. Extraction was carried by maceration kinetic with 70% ethanol and the resulting extract was concentrated by rotary evaporator to obtain a thick extract and was then changed into nanoparticles using ionic gelation method. The dried nanoparticles were formulated into tablet with direct compression method using 35% avicel PH 102.  Phytochemical screening showed both extract and nanoparticles contains alkaloid, flavonoid, saponins, tannins, steroid/triterpenoids, coumarins, quinones and essential oils. The evaluation of nanoparticles demonstrated particle size of 186.93 nm, zeta potential of -68.85 mV and spherical shape of dried particles. The evaluation tablets showed an average weight of 501.8 mg and disintegration time of 13.26 minutes. Based on the result of activity of α-glucosidase inhibition in vitro, the persentage (%) of inhibition of the extract, the nanoparticles and the tablets at concentrations of 225 mg/mL are 92.09, 85.90, and 75.83%, respectively while acarbose and quercetin showed 95.21% and 89.67 % of inhibition, respectively. It could be concluded that the tablets of nanoparticles containing extract show an antidiabetic effect.   Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/22 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.22 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 291-298 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/22/23 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/23 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Vasodilatasi Pembuluh Darah secara in vitro dan Uji Toksisitas Akut Minuman Fungsional Herbal Kaltim Ismail, Sjarif Yuniati, Yuniati Latar belakang:  pangan fungsional dapat berupa makanan atau minuman. Pangan fungsional lebih bersifat pencegahan terhadap penyakit, sedangkan obat lebih bersifat menyembuhkan penyakit. Minuman Fungsional Herbal Kaltim (MFHK) yang diracik dari bahan-bahan tumbuhan yang ada di Kaltim telah diketahui memiliki citra rasa yang enak dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat tetapi belum diketahui aktivitas vasodilatasi pada pembuluh darah dan keamanan pada penggunaan akut secara oral. Tujuan: mengeksplorasi MFHK pada kontraktilitas tonus pembuluh darah secara in vitro dan keamanan pada penggunaan akut secara oral. Metode: MFHK dikeringkan lalu diuji kontraktilitas pada pembuluh darah dengan menggunakan organ terpisah aorta tikus dengan endotel, hasil dinyatakan dalam bentuk persen tonus kontraktilitas aorta. Uji toksisitas akut peroral menggunakan tikus Wistar dan mencit Balb/c jenis kelamin jantan dan betina. Hasil: pada uji kontraktilitas aorta didapatkan secara berurutan dalam persen tonus kontraktilitas aorta pada konsentrasi ekstrak MFHK 0,04 mg/mL adalah (1,02 + 1,43) % dan kontrol (3,27 + 1,00) % dengan p>0,05; pada 0,08 mg/mL didapatkan (-1,39 + 1,41) % dan (4,50 + 1,14) % dengan p<0,05; 0,16 mg/mL didapatkan (-5,36 + 1,40) % dan (8,42 + 2,00) % dengan p<0,05. Dosis tunggal ekstrak 2 g/kgBB yang diberikan secara oral tidak didapatkan kematian pada tikus dan mencit jenis kelamin jantan dan betina. Kesimpulan: ekstrak MFHK memiliki aktivitas vasodilatasi pada pembuluh darah secara in vitro dan tidak toksik pada pemberian akut secara oral. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/23 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 197–201 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/23/22 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/24 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Karakterisasi Agar dari Hasil Produksi Petani Kabupaten Brebes sebagai Eksipien Mukoadesif dalam Sediaan Farmasi Kurniawan, Dhadhang Wahyu Budianto, Arif Pratama, Khilman Husna excipients; agar; mucoadhesive; Brebes farmer; pharmaceutical dosage forms. Agar is widely used as a tablet binder, gel base, cream base, and the others in the manufacture of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Mucoadhesive drug delivery is expected to prolong the contact time of the drug in the mucus so that the maximum effect of the drug therapy. A number of studies have used that produced by the farmers in the district of Brebes as a tablet binder. However, for the quality of agar is not guaranteed, because the manufactured by home industry. The purpose of this study was to characterize agar in order to increase economic value and thus can reduce the dependence on imported raw materials for drugs Indonesia. The method used is to characterize the physical, chemical, and functional order. Data analysis used is to compare the test results to the existing literature. The results showed that the agar flour that has the characteristics: powder shape, white brownish and odorless; less irregular shape by SEM observation; many distributed on 100 mesh sieve (38.2%); relatively less hygroscopic; relatively high moisture content; containing functional groups C-O, C=O, CH3, CH, and -OH in its structure; classified as a weak base; viscosity increases with increasing concentration and decreasing temperature; have a relatively poor flow; has a rather good compressibility index; have different swelling behaviour in different media; and has a relatively weak mucoadhesive properties. The conclusion of this study is that agar flour from Gracilaria verrucosa less can be used as a mucoadhesive excipient in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/24 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 202–212 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/24/24 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/26 2026-04-08T03:38:33Z jtpc:ART driver

Intervensi Gizi dan Ramuan Jamu untuk Diabetes terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Di RRJ Hortus Medicus Wijayanti, Enggar Fitriani, Ulfa Nisa, Ulfatun Diabetes mellitus nutritional intervention herbs blood glucose levels Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that lasts a chronic progressive, with symptoms of hyperglycemia, which is caused by impaired insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. The prevalence of diabetic patients in the world and in Indonesia increased from year to year. Management of diabetes mellitus are education, nutritional counseling, exercise and farmacology intervention. Herbs which consist of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), Brotowali (Tinospora crispa), Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza), kunyit (Curcuma domestica) dan Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) can decreases blood glucosa level based on pre-clinical and clinical study.  Rumah Riset Jamu (RRJ) "Hortus Medicus" has not done nutritional counseling to patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. This study aims to look at the effect of nutritional counseling and herbs for diabetes to blood glucose levels of diabetic patients in RRJ “Hortus Medicusâ€. This study is preexperimental with the one group pretest and posttest design. Nutritional intervention which consist of nutritional and dietary counseling carried out for approximately 30 minutes when the patient comes first and the blood glucosa levels of patient was examined in the laboratory RRJ. For 28 days, patient must drinking herbs for diabetes. After 28 days later, blood glucose levels and dietary of patient was evaluated. The study was conducted on 35 subjects shown that the nutrition intervention and herbs for diabetes were decreases blood glucosa levels, paired t-test results showed a significant difference blood glucose levels before and after (p value <0.05). Nutritional intervention and herbs for diabetes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in RRJ Hortus Medicus Tawangmangu able to decrease in blood glucose levels. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/26 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.26 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 299-306 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/26/29 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/30 2025-05-15T08:55:27Z jtpc:ART driver

The Effectiveness of the Antiinfamation Combination Gel of Okra Fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus) Extracts and Shallots Extract (Allium cepa L.) Nurmala, Sara Moerfia, Moerfia Novianti, Santi Anti-Inflammatory Gel Okra Shallots Cuts Wound Wound is a condition that is the destruction of the unity or network components, which are specifically found the substance of tissue damaged or lost, either damage the continuity of the skin, mucous membranes and bones or other organs. Wound healing is a very complex process involving many cells. The process of wound healing is portrayed as occurs in biological surgical wound occurred. Several phases of wound healing are: the process of inflammation (inflammatory), the process of cell multiplication (proliferation) and cell maturation process (maturase). Okra is a plant that allegedly came from Southeast Asia. Okra has grown in many countries in almost all over the world. In the UK okra known as the Lady's Finger, in India it is called by the name of Bhindi while the United States called Gumbo. In Indonesia, this plant also has a local name that is Rabamea (Bima), Coffee Java (Java), Arabian Coffee (Sulawesi), Hoinu (Southeast Sulawesi), but better known by the name of okra. This study aims to determine the effective concentration and determine the length of time of wound healing using a combination gel okra fruit extract (Abelmoschus esculentus) And shallots (Allium cepa L.) as an anti-inflammatory against cuts in male white rats (Sprague -Dawley) with a length of observation for 9 days. This study uses Betadine® ointment as a positive control. The results showed the combination of fruit extract gel okra 6% and shallots 2% contained in the formula 3 most effective as an anti-inflammatory against cuts in male rats by administration for 6 days. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/30 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v5i1.30 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 1–8 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/30/39 Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/32 2025-05-15T09:05:48Z jtpc:ART driver

Skrining Farmakognosi Tanaman Etnofarmasi Asal Kabupaten Bulukumba yang Berpotensi sebagai Antikanker Amin, Asni Etnopharmacy anticancer Pharmacognosy screening The use of traditional medicine has long been known and used by the people of South Sulawesi and recorded since the 15th century in lontara 'pabbura. Bulukumba as one of the areas of south Sulawesi inhabited by ethnic of Kajang and ethnic of Makassar has also been used plants to treat several of diseases including. Screening studies pharmacognostic origin Bulukumba conducted to identify medicinal plants used by the community Bulukumba to treat cancer. The research location is the village of Bahari Bonto Lembanna District Bulukumba, The research location is the village Lembana of Bonto Bahari District Regency of Bulukumba, the surveys plants etnofarmasi through sanro (traditional healers), public figures and society who have knowledge of traditional medicine with purposive sampling method. Pharmacognosy screening includes determination etnofarmasi plants that have been collected, organoleptic examination, morphology, anatomy and identification of chemical constituents using color reagent and precipitation reactions. The results obtained five plants etnofarmasi potential for the treatment of cancer, leaf of landep (Barleria prionitis L.) Family Acanthaceae, gewor (Basella rubra L) Famili Acanhtaceae, pecut kuda (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis) Family Loranthaceae, rumput mutiara (Hedyotis corymbosa L.) family Rubiaceae dan gondola (Commelina benghalensis L.) Family Commelinaceae, with chemical ingredients contain flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins. The content of flavonoids and alkaloids in plants has the potential to be used as a cancer treatment. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/32 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 263 - 272 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/32/25 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/33 2025-05-15T09:05:48Z jtpc:ART driver

Potensi Antimikroba Fraksi Aktif Ekstrak n-Heksan Daun Rami (B.virgata F.) Guill terhadap Beberapa Mikroba Uji Ibrahim, Arsyik leaf B. virgata antimicrobial fraction soluble extracts of n-hexane solid dilution This study aims to determine the potential antimicrobial activity of extracts soluble, insoluble n-hexane and fractions of n-hexane extract of leaves of B. virgata, some microbial testing with solid dilution method. Test material used was n-hexane-soluble extract (A) and hexane-insoluble (B), two extract was monitored by Thin Layer Chromatography method (TLC) chemical components, then tested its activity by solid dilution method. Test results of the antimicrobial activity of both types of extracts showed better activity than the methanol extract of soluble fraction of n-hexane and methanol extract of insoluble, because it can inhibit the growth of the bacterium E. coli, V. cholerae and S. thyposa, while the methanol extract of n-hexane soluble not only able to inhibit the bacteria V. cholerae, at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml medium. Fraction of methanol extract of n-hexane soluble (A) is then fractionated by the method of three funel system using eluent hexane: methanol: water (20: 6: 0.5), obtained three kinds of fractions ie fraction A, fraction B and fraction C. The antibacterial activity tes result of fraction A is active against bacteria V. chilerae, B fraction active against bacteria V.cholerae, S. thyposa and E. coli, and the active fractions of the yeast C.albicans C respectively each active at a concentration of 750 μg/ml medium. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/33 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 273–282 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/33/26 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/34 2025-05-15T09:05:48Z jtpc:ART driver

Analisis Kandungan Garam Gunung Asal Krayan Kabupaten Nunukan Kalimantan Timur Herman, Herman Rusli, Rolan Mountain Salt krayan ASS XRD SEM Has been studied composition of mountain salt from Krayan, Nunukan, East Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the composition of the minerals contained in the  mountain salt. Mountain salt is obtained from wells Krayan District residents were further prepared for analysis using a technique using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), further by looking at the pattern of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM). Based on the results obtained AAS has identified mineral deposits include: Na, K, Mg, Al, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ba, and Sr. From the results of XRD shows that the main peak of the salt Krayan shows major peaks for NaCl crystals with impurities such as KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, and AlCl3. SEM observation showed that morphology of Krayan salt have cube shape which is the shape of NaCl crystals with space group Fm3m and lattice parameter (a) 5.620 Ã… Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/34 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 283–288 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/34/27 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/35 2025-05-15T09:05:48Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Batang Fibraure tinctoria Lour Secara In Vivo Fikriah, Ika Fibraurea tinctoria hepatoprotector in vivo Study on Fibraurea tinctoria Lour (FT) stems gives information about its traditional utility as  yellow fever treatment. Research of antecedent of FT stem proved that inhibited lipid peroxidation more effective than tocopherol acetate. These study was intended to prove hepatoprotector activity of ethanolic FT stem extract by in vivo. FT stem extract was macerated using absolute ethanol during 5 days that was repeated  3 times . FT stem extract hepatoprotector activity by in vivo was tested using carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity on Wistar rat. They were given FT stem extract orally once a day at dose 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW and Curcumin at dose 50 mg/KgBW as positive control.  After 10 days, all groups were examined liver function (SGOT, SGPT, ALP), liver Malonedialdehide (MDA) level by Thiobarbituric acid method,  and liver histopathology by Haemotoxylin-Eosin staining. Group that induced by CCl4 showed significant elevation of SGOT, SGPT and ALT also Liver MDA than group control. FT stem extract treatment inhibited elevation of SGOT, SGPT, ALT and Liver MDA significantly.Qualitative histopathological examination on Group 2 showed extensive fibrosis and necrosis, along with  periportal PMN and lymphocyte infiltration. FT stem extract treatment inhibited pathological change that was induced by CCl4. Dose elevation showed tendency of stronger inhibition on liver cell tissue destruction and inflammation. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/35 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 289–296 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/35/28 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/36 2025-05-15T09:05:48Z jtpc:ART driver

Beberapa Tumbuhan Obat Asal Kalimantan Timur sebagai Sumber Saponin Potensial Rijai, Laode East borneo medicinal plants saponins Saponin is a class of natural compounds that have activity that is strongly associated with utilization in pharmacy. Exploration has been carried out against a number of secondary metabolite content of medicinal plants in East Kalimantan and some of them found to contain saponins. Plants were found to contain saponins and are considered potential Kokang leaf (Lepisanthes amoena), Kesumbakeling leaf (Bixa orellana, L), Belimbing Wuluh leaf (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), Sugi Gadjah leaf (Hyptis capitata), Karamunting leaf (Melastoma malabathricum L), Cempedak bark (Artocarpus champeden), Wijaya Kusuma leaf (Epiphyllum oxipetalum), Langsat seeds (Lansium domesticum), ekor kucing leaf (Acalypha hispida), Kelor bark (Moringa oleifera), Jarong leaf (Stachytarpheta mutabilis), Miana leaf (Coleus atropureus), Jengger Ayam leaf (Celosia cristata), and fruit of Libo (Ficus vargelata). Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/36 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 297–302 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/36/30 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/37 2025-05-15T09:05:48Z jtpc:ART driver

Analisis Fitokimia Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Kasar Etanol Daun Meranti Merah (Shorea leprosula Miq.) dan Sifat Antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Eschericia coli Sudrajat, Sudrajat Sadani, Sadani Sudiastuti, Sudiastuti Leaf of Shorea leprosula Miq secondary metabolit e substance antibacterial Staphylococcusaureus Escherichia coli This study aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites and antibacterial power crude extract copper leaf meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq.) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Antibacterial power is determined by the size of inhibition zone formed using paper disc diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer. The research design using a completely randomized design (CRD), with a concentration of 6 treatments and 4 replication for each type of bacteria. Variations in the concentration of a given treatment consisting of 0%, 3.75%, 7.5%, 11.25%, 15%, and chloramphenicol (positive control). The results shown that crude extract copper leaf meranti (Shorea leprosula Miq.) contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenols and antibacterial power against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with the relatively strong antibacterial category. Anova analysis showed that the value of F count = 41,190 with sig = 0.000 <0.05, which means that H0 is rejected, in other words, treatment factors meranti copper leaf crude extract with various concentrations of 3.75%, 7.5%, 11, 25%, and 15%. different significantly affect the bacterial inhibition zone for S. aureus. The result same effect shown onE. coli demonstrated the value Fcount = 81, 236 with sig = 0.000 <0.05. These results demonstrate the influence of crude extract of leaf meranticopper very significantly to the growth of bacteria S. aureus and E. coli. At S.aureus, treatment concentration of 3.75%, 7.5%, 11.25%, and 15%yielding different significant of inhibition zone. In the E.colibacterial, treatment concentration of 3.75%, 7.5%, 11.25%, and 15% yielding different significant of inhibition zone.Best concentration as antibacterial S.aureus and E.coli have been shown on providing the lowest treatment concentration (3.75%), which shows the power antibacterial properties not significantly different from the concentration on it. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/37 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 4 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 303–311 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/37/31 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/38 2026-04-08T03:38:25Z jtpc:ART driver

Pembuatan Nanopartikel Berbasis Kitosan dari Infus Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata LINN) sebagai Antioksidan Desmiaty, Yesi Rahmat, Deni Maulidina, Nilam Sari daun sirsak Annona muricata Linn. DPPH antioksidan nanopartikel kitosan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn), Annonaceae telah diketahui memiliki kemampuan meredam  radikal bebas yang kuat dan bisa dikembangkan menjadi sediaan farmasi antioksidan. Pembentukan nanopartikel dari ekstrak akan meningkatkan stabilitas, kemampuan mukoadhesif dan penetrasi ekstrak sehingga dapat meningkatkan efektifitasnya. Pembuatan nanopartikel dilakukan dengan melarutkan kitosan dalam larutan asam asetat glasial 1%, dan dicampurkan dengan infus daun sirsak. Suspensi nanopartikel ekstrak daun sirsak dikeringkan dengan menggunakan alat pengering semprot. Hasil evaluasi nanopartikel ekstrak diperoleh ukuran partikel 131,23 ± 1,81%, indeks polidispersitas 0,3 – 0,4;  padatan total 0,47 %, warna coklat muda, bau khas ekstrak, rasa pahit, sifat serbuk halus, higroskopis, kadar air 6.86 ± 0,88%. Pemeriksaan aktivitas antioksidan pada nanopartikel ekstrak daun sirsak dengan menggunakan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan kuat dengan nilai 1C50 sebesar 80,98 bpj. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/38 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.38 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 307-312 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/38/32 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/39 2025-05-15T09:06:25Z jtpc:ART driver

Peningkatan Kelarutan Ketokonazol dengan Teknik Dispersi Padat Menggunakan Eudragit® E 100 Narsa, Angga Cipta ketoconazole solid dispersion Eudragit® E 100 Ketoconazole is an antifungal azole synthetic which derivatived from imidazole. Ketoconazole is practically insoluble in water and its bioavailability depend on pH condition of the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of the research is to increase the solubility of ketoconazole by solid dispersion method using Eudragit® E 100, PEG 6000, and glycerol. Solid dispersion was evaluated with respect to solubility, cristalinity, complexation and morphology of solid dispersion. The optimum formulation with the highest solubility was resulted by solid dispersion with ratio ketoconazole - Eudragit® E 100 - glycerol of 1:8:0.5. X-ray diffraction test revealed the change of crystalline ketoconazole and similar to Eudragit® E 100. This result was also supported by spectrum of infrared and endothermic peak of differential scanning calorimetry. Based on scanning electron microscopy morphology of pure Eudragit® E 100 and solid dispersion was similar. Solid dispersion of ketoconazole with Eudragit® E 100 and glycerol improved solubilty. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/39 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 1–7 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/39/33 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/40 2026-04-08T04:50:02Z jtpc:ART driver

Ekstraksi Gelatin dari Kaki Ayam Broiler Melalui Berbagai Larutan Asam dan Basa dengan Variasi Lama Perendaman Indrawan, Muhammad Rasyid Agustina, Risna Rijai, Laode Gelatin Chicken feet Broiler's Acid-treated Alkali-treated Gelatin is a biopolymer that can be obtained from partially hydrolysis of collagen present in skin, bone, and connective tissues of animals This study used chicken Broiler feet as a source of collagen. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soaking treatment with solution of acid and base, and with variety of soaking time. The solution used is HCl, CH3COOH, and NaOH with different concentration. The process of soaking followed by extraction, filtration, and drying to obtain a sheet of gelatin. Gelatin was analyzed qualitatively with chemical reaction. The best results of yield can be obtained from various methods of soaking given by HCl 2% for 2 days, CH3COOH 2% for 3 days, and NaOH 2% for 1 day. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/40 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.40 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 313-321 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/40/34 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/41 2025-05-15T09:06:25Z jtpc:ART driver

Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens JACK.) terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Patogen Ibrahim, Arsyik Kuncoro, Hadi P. canencens Jack antibacteria activity S. mutans S. thiposa B. subtillis S. aureus A research which identification of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity test from methanol exstract of leaf Sungkai (Peronema canencens Jack) to several pathogens bacterial, which aims to identification of secondary methabolites and determine the antibacterial activity from crude methanol extract of leaf Sungkai (P. canencens Jack). against Streptococcus mutans, Salmonella thyposa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Material test obtained by maceration with methanol, then tested for activity. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) value extract was determined by liquid dilution and the followed by scratches on solid media method.  Minimum Kill Concentration (KBM) value extracts was determined by agar diffusion method with using paper disks.The results secondary metabolite identify form extracts of leaves P. canencens obtainable derived alkaloid, terpenoids - steroids, flavonoids, and tannin compounds. Methanol extract have the antibacterial activity. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) value of extract is concentration of 20% for bacteria S. mutans, S.thiposa and S.aureus, while for the B. subtilis is konsentration of 15%. Minimum Kill Concentration (KBM) values exstract at a concentration of 5% effective at killing S. mutans and S. thyposa bacteria, while the concentration of 1% effective to bacteria B.subtilis and S.aureus. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/41 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 8–18 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/41/35 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/42 2025-05-15T09:09:01Z jtpc:ART driver

Efektivitas Krim Ekstrak Metanol Batang Dan Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes Wendy, Wendy Pratiwi, Liza Kusharyanti, Indri Antiacne Impatiens balsamina L. stems and leaves extract Propionibacterium acnes Colonization of Propionibacterium acnes is one of factors that causes acne vulgaris. The present study was conducted to evaluate antiacne effect from cream of methanolic extract from stems and leaves of Impatiens balsamina L. towards Propionibacterium acnes, concentration that gives greatest antiacne effect and to evaluate physical and chemical properties of creams. Simplicia were extracted using soxhlet technique and methanol as solvent. Extract then formulated in cream in three variations of concentration as following 10%(F1), 15%(F2) and 20%(F3). The determination of antiacne effect was done using disc diffusion method. Evaluation of physical and chemical properties of those creams includes organoleptic examination, spreadability, adhesion and pH testing. Determination results showed the diameter of inhibition zone from F1, F2 and F3 were 8,37±2,205; 10,78±2,551; and 17,42±3,029 mm respectively. Analysis results showed that cream of F3 gave significantly greatest antiacne effect compared to F1 and F2 (p<0,05), and not significantly different to the positive control (p>0,05). The evaluation of creams showed that they had homogenous texture, nongreasy, easily washed, spreadability of 10,18±0,285 to 11,55±0,687 cm2, adhesion force of 33,299±2,821 to 60±0 minutes, and pH of 6,07±0,058 to 6,37±0,115, this showed that creams have good physical and chemical properties. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/42 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 192-202 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/42/36 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/43 2026-04-08T03:37:57Z jtpc:ART driver

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Isolat Daun Tendani (Goniothalamus Macrophyllus Hook. f. & Thomson.) Wijaya, Viriyanata Supriyatna, Supriyatna Milanda, Tiana Goniothalamus macrophyllus aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus isolat senyawa aktif Tumbuhan tendani (Goniothalamus macrophyllus) secara empiris digunakan sebagai obat luar untuk infeksi kulit pada suku Dayak Punan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas senyawa aktif antibakteri yang terkandung dalam isolat dari fraksi etil asetat Daun G. macrophyllus. Fraksi etil asetat adalah fraksi teraktif yang diperoleh dari hasil pengujian aktivitas antibakteri. Isolat diperoleh dari proses pemisahan dan pemurnian menggunakan kromatografi kolom dan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif. Isolat diuji dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri isolat dengan konsentrasi 1,2 mg/50 μL (2,4 %) terhadap S. aureus ATCC 25923 menghasilkan diameter zona hambat sebesar 7,85 mm. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/43 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.43 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 322-324 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/43/37 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/44 2025-12-23T14:26:07Z jtpc:ART driver

Formulasi Pasta Gigi Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam sebagai Antimikroba Penyebab Radang Gusi (Gingivitis) dan Gigi Berlubang (Caries) Prasetya, Fajar antimicrobial activity tooth paste black betel leaf formulations This study aims to obtain a formula toothpaste preparations with active ingredient is extracts of black betel leaf which effectively kills microbes cause inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and tooth perforated (caries). The active ingredient is obtained by performing maceration followed by fractionation of the extract. Test of antimicrobial activity against microorganisms Streptococcus mutans & Candida albicans using the diffusion method, which will get an effective concentration to be used for toothpaste formulations with active ingredient is black betel leaf. Then continued with the test and evaluation of the effectiveness of the final dosage form of toothpaste preparations. Obtained from the test concentration of 20% n-hexane extract fraction of black betel leaf have the greatest antimicrobial power against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. And after optimization of the base, obtained the good mass forming of toothpaste with base PGA (Pulvis Gummi Arabica) at concentration of 30%. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/44 10.30872/jtpc.v2i1.44 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 19–25 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/44/38 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/45 2026-04-08T03:37:58Z jtpc:ART driver

Observasi Klinik Ekstrak Air Umbi Segar Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia L. Merr) Sebagai Obat Kista Ovarium Ramadhan, Adam M. Sulistiarini, Riski Rijai, Laode Bahtiar, Emil Onion Dayak Herbal Tea Ovarian Cysts This study aimed to ascertain clinical observations about the ability of the water extract of fresh garlic bulbs dayak eliminate lumps in the uterus (cysts) ovarian and ensure the necessary time or duration of administration of the extract to remove the lump or cyst woman's uterus. The activities are making herbal tea preparation of fresh garlic bulbs dayak. Doses used in herbal teas of 8.4 grams / day. Each participant consumed herbal tea 2 times a day for 7 days continued to consume for 14 days. Then do an ultrasound to see the size of ovarian cysts before consuming or after consuming a herbal tea. The results of the study of fresh garlic bulbs clinical observations show that the herbal tea dayak give change ovarian cyst size of each respondent. Use of herbal tea in the observation of this study was 4.2 grams with the rules of drinking 2 times daily (8.4 grams / day) and change the size of ovarian cysts are consumed during the 7 days and continued for 14 days. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/45 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v3i4.45 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 4 (2016): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 325-330 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/45/42 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/46 2025-05-15T09:06:25Z jtpc:ART driver

Garam Gunung Asal Krayan sebagai Zat Aditif untuk Menstabilkan Klorofil Sayuran Herman, Herman Rijai, Laode Garam gunung Krayan sayuran klorofil Garam Gunung Asal Krayan yang terdapat pada wilayah utara pulau Kalimantan dipercaya oleh masyarakat setempat untuk menyembuhkan berbagai macam penyakit seperti darah tinggi, kencing manis, penyakit kulit serta beberapa penyakit lainnya. Sayur yang menggunakan garam gunung terlihat lebih segar atau nampak tidak layu dan kesegarannya tahan lama dibandingkan dengan menggunakan garam biasa. Dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek garam gunung asal Krayan terhadap stabilitas sayuran dilihat dari perubahan kadar klorofilnya dengan beberapa perlakuan. Klorofil diukur absorbannya dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 649 nm dan 665 nm. Didapatkan hasil waktu penyimpanan sayuran yang menggunakan garam gunung asal Krayan yang masih mendekati klorofil sayuran segar adalah pada saat selesai pengolahan (0 jam) yaitu sebesar 22,11 ppm. Perubahan warna pada sayuran yang menggunakan garam gunung asal Krayan lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan garam biasa. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/46 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 26–30 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/46/40 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/47 2025-05-15T09:09:01Z jtpc:ART driver

Potensi Tumbuhan Tembelekan (Lantana camara Linn) Sebagai Sumber Bahan Farmasi Potensial Rijai, Laode Tembelekan (Lantana camara L) sumber bahan farmasi potensial Tumbuhan Tembelekan dianggap masyarakat sebagai pengganggu atau gulma karena pertumbuhannya yang dahsyat merambat ke segala arah sehingga mengganggu pada kegiatan pembukaan lahan. Manfaat tradisional daun tumbuhan ini dikenal oleh berbagai suku di Indonesia, tetapi hanya sebagai obat luka yang tidak menarik karena obat luka tergolong obat murah di pasaran. Potensi botani yang tampak terhadap tumbuhan Tembelekan adalah pertumbuhannya yang dahsyat sehingga jika memiliki manfaat ekonomi menjadi sangat potensial ditinjau dari penyediaan bahan baku. Beberapa penelitian ilmiah telah dilakukan terhadap daun dan bunga Tembelekan dan terbuktidaunnya sangat potensial sebagai obat luka yang melebihi obat luka bioplacenton dan bunganya bersifat antioksidan yang sangat kuat.Kandungan metabolit sekunder daun dan bunganya juga sangat bervariasi sehingga masih memungkinkan potensi-potensi lainya dalam bidang farmasi. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/47 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 203-211 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/47/41 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/48 2025-05-15T09:06:25Z jtpc:ART driver

Potensi Tumbuhan Kerokot (Lygodium microphylum) dalam Bidang Kefarmasian Rijai, Laode Lygodium microphylum potensi kefarmasian Tumbuhan Kerokot (Lygodium microphylum) di Kalimantan Timur masih dianggap sebagai gulma karena pertumbuhannya yang sangat cepat dan meluas kesegala arah pada suatu lahan sehingga mengganggu lahan petani jika tumbuh pada lahan perkebunan/ladang petani. Telah dilakukan skrining beberapa potensi kefarmasian terhadap ekstrak Herba Kerokot (Lygodium microphylum) dan terbukti memliki potensi sebagai antioksidan, penumbuh rambut, larvasida untuk nymuk Culex sp dan Aedes aegypty, dan obat luka. Potensi terbaik dari hasil-hasil penelitian tersebut adalah sebagai penumbuh rambut yang telah dilakukan pada hewan uji. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/48 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 31–39 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/48/45 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/49 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengaruh Kadar Polietilen Glikol (PEG) 400 terhadap Pelepasan Natrium Diklofenak dari Sediaan Transdermal Patch Type Matriks Fridayanti, Aditya Hendradi, Esti Isnaeni Pelepasan sodium diklofenak plasticizer matriks kombinasi dari EC N–20 and PVP K–30 polyetilen gliko 400 The sodium diclofenac realeased from transdermal patch of combination of EC N–20 and PVP K–30 with ratio 6:4 with plasticizer PEG 400 5% (formula 1), PEG 400 10% (formula 2) and PEG 400 20% (formula 3) was investigated. The percentage of moisture contents was calculated as a difference between initial and final weight with respect to final weight. The homogeneity of patch surface was determined using fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Released test using dissolution apparatus were carried out in 500 mL of phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 ± 0.05 at temperature 37 ± 0.5°C with speed of swirl 50 rpm. Results were analyzed by statistic programmed of SPSS using one way analysis of variance with degree of believed 95% (α = 0,05), showed that that the combination of EC N–20 and PVP K–30 at ratio 6:4 with plasticizer PEG 400 5% was the best choice for manufacturing transdermal patch based on physicochemical and the release profile. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/49 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 1–7 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/49/43 Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/50 2025-05-15T09:09:01Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Buas-Buas (Premna cordifolia Linn.) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Paru Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Jantan Pasca Paparan Asap Rokok Tohomi, Kristina Lusty Iswahyudi, Iswahyudi Wahdaningsih, Sri Antioxidant Premna cordifolia Lung histopathology Cigarette smoke Cigarette smoke is one of free radical source that can cause oxidative stress, emphysema, and inflamation on lung. Leaves of Premna cordifolia Linn. is one of antioxidant that can neutralize the free radical in body. The purpose of the research  is to find the antioxidant activity of Premna cordifolia leaves in reducing lung’s damage and to find the effective dose that can reduce lung’s damage after exposure of cigarette smoke. Dried leaves of Premna cordifolia are maserated with ethanol 70%.  Rats are divided into five groups, Group without treatment (CMC control), group that exposed to smoke, three groups that treated with 200 (P1), 400 (P2), and 600mg/kgBW (P3) of ethanolic extract of Premna cordifolia leaves after smoke exposure, and one group that treated with 18mg/kgBW of vitamin E as positive control after smoke exposure. All groups were treated with three cigarette without filter for 14 days. All rat were terminated on the fifteent day. Right lung were collected and subjected to necropsy and stained with Hematoksilin-Eosin. The result show that all doses of ethanolic extract of Premna cordifolia reduce lung damage in enlarge alveolar, thickening of alveolar’s wall, and infiltration of inflmation cells in rats. The effective dose is 600mg/kgbw because the potential of Premna cordifolia leaves extract was same with the potential of positive contol in reducing the lung damage. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/50 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 212-211 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/50/44 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/51 2025-05-15T09:09:01Z jtpc:ART driver

Efektivitas Gel Antijerawat Ekstrak Metanol Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina L.) terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis Secara In Vitro Murtiningsih, Septira Nurbaeti, Siti Nani Kusharyanti, Indri Methanolic extracts of Impatiens balsamina leaves Propionibacterium acnes Staphylococcus epidermidis gel carbopol HPMC Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis is an inflamation triggering bacterias in acne vulgaris. Plants that has been studied for antibacterial effect is Impatiens balsamina. Gel bases for acnes therapy are hydrophilic bases like HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) and carbopol. The aim of this study was to know the optimum combination of Carbopol and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl metylcellulose) in gel formulation that gives best antibacterial effect and to evaluate physical and chemical properties of gel. Extraction was performed by soxhlet method with methanol as solvent. The design of optimum gel formulation was performed using simplex lattice design. Optimum gel formulation was combination of 21% HPMC and 79% Carbopol. Verification results showed that optimum gel of inhibition zone of P. acnes and S. epidermidis is 17.61±0.93 mm and 16.01±1.01 mm respectively. Positive control compared to optimum gel showed inhibition zone toward P.acnes and S.epidermidis of 29.1±1.34 mm and 24.98±1.83 mm respectively. Analysis results using T-test showed that p-value was lower than 0.05 (p<0.05) hence the effectivity from optimum gel was significantly different from positive control that has greater activity than optimum gel. Evaluation of optimum gel showed gel has dark brown color, specific odor from extract, adhesive force of 3.17 minutes, spreadibility of 32.69 cm2, viscosity of 436.66 cP and as well as the pH of 5.23. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/51 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 225-234 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/51/46 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/52 2025-05-15T09:06:25Z jtpc:ART driver

Kandungan Bahan Kering Tanpa Lemak (BKTL) Susu Sapi Perah Friesian Holstein Akibat Pemberian Pakan yang Mengandung Tepung Katu (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr) yang Berbeda Yusuf, Roosena Jurusan Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda Indonesia The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of increasing the provision shrub on milk solid non fat content of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle. Research material used was 9 Friesian Holstein dairy cattle on the second lactation at the sixth month lactation with body weight (BW) of 436 ± 48.67 kg, milk production of 8.86 ± 1.2 liter. Single factor experiment arranged in Complete Random Design with 3 treatments, each replicated for three times, was used in this experiment. The cows were fed with concentrate feed (Crude Protein = 13.42%) added by shrub flour at three levels of 0 % BW (t0), 0.03 % BW (t1), 0.05 % BW (t2), and maize straw as forage at each level of shrub flour in the concentrate. The ratio between concentrate and forage 60%:40%. Obtained data was calculated by ANOVA. Results showed that the average consumption of dry matter feed determined at t0, t1, and t2 were 10.22; 10.70 and 11.63 kg/cow/day (P>0.05), respectively. The average of milk solid non fat of t0, t1 and t2 were 0.672; 0.811 and 0.864 kg/liter (P>0.05), respectively. However shrub flour providing in the concentrate until level of 0.05% BW did not increase milk solid non fat of Friesian Holstein dairy cattle milk solid non fat. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/52 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 40–46 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/52/48 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/53 2025-05-15T09:09:01Z jtpc:ART driver

Uji Toksisitas Akut Fraksi Etil Asetat Batang Dan Daun Pacar Air (Impatiens balsamina Linn) terhadap Tikus Putih Betina Galur Sprague Dawley Anzini, Nia Kusharyanti, Indri Nurbaeti, Siti Nani acute toxicity ethyl acetate fraction Impatiens balsamina Linn OECD 425 Impatiens balsamina Linn has been proven through various studies to have pharmacological benefits. Yet there was no research data regarding the toxicity of these plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of symptoms that occur after oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction from stems and leaves of Impatiens balsamina Linn, determine the LD50 values ​​and toxicity category compounds in the fraction. This study employed OECD (Organization for Economic, Cooperation and Development) 425 method. Parameters observed qualitatively through the observations of the food and drink intakes and change of body everyday weight during a period of 14 days and microscopic examination of liver and kidney. The results of the study showed no symptoms of toxicity arising from qualitative observations. LD50 value of ethyl acetate fraction of stems and leaves of Impatiens balsamina Linn was more than 2000 mg/kg body weight, which belongs to moderately toxic. Also, a paired t-test concluded that there was no significant differences occuring among the amount of food and drink intakes and body weight changes before and after treatment. Likewise, based on statistical test using One Way ANOVA showed no significant difference in food intakes and body weight changes in the treatment group and control animals (p>0,05), and no significant difference of daily drinking intakes between control group and treatment group with distilled water (p>0,05). While, there was a significant difference between the control rats and the CMC treatment (p <0,05). Based on the results of the scoring damage to liver and kidney showed the ethyl acetate fraction of stem and leaves of Impatiens balsamina Linn histologically caused liver damage, but not for the kidney of the test animals. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/53 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 4 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 235-247 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/53/47 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/54 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengaruh Propilen Glikol terhadap Laju Difusi Krim Natrium Diklofenak dengan Basis Hidrofobik Secara Invitro Narsa , Angga Cipta Soebagio, Boesro Sriwidodo Propylene glycol diffusion hydrophobic base The research on effect of propylene glycol in diffusion of cream diclofenac sodium from hydrophobic base with in-vitro. The research has been used for concentrations propylene glycol (0, 3, 5, and 7%). The stability test included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, consistency, flow type for 56 days of storge, and diffusion test used diffusion franz cell and membrane spangler. The result showed that formula diclofenac sodium cream contained propylene glycol 7% was the one best in diffusion of 0.0203 ppm/menit. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/54 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 8–16 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/54/49 Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/55 2025-05-15T09:06:25Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengaruh Penggunaan Pati Biji Cempedak (Arthocarpus champeden Lour) sebagai Bahan Pengikat terhadap Sifat Fisik Tablet Parasetamol secara Granulasi Basah Sapri, Sapri Setiawan, Dedi Khairunnisa, Rizki Cempedak seed starch (Arthocarpus champeden Lour.) paracetamol tablet wet granulation The research about influent the use of cempedak seed starch (Arthocarpus champeden Lour) as a binder to the physical properties of paracetamol tablet in wet granulation has been conducted. Cempedak seed starch can improve the quality of materials, increase the viscosity, gelation ability, rehydration ability and increase the solubility. Paracetamol tablet be made in three formulas, with various concentration binders formula FA 6%, FB 8% and FC 10%. The resulting granules and tablets were evaluated. Granule evaluation includes fluiditas test and moisture content. Tablet evaluation includes uniformity of weight test, uniformity of size, hardness test and disintegration test. Granule evaluation results show that all formulas has qualified, except granule formula FA wich contain moisture 1.78%. Tablet evaluation results show that all formulas has qualified FI Ed. IV. Whereas for hardness test, tablet formula FA not eligible because it has hardness 3.8 Kg/cm2. The results of this research indicate that cempedak seed starch can be used as a binder in the manufacture of wet granulation paracetamol tablets. The higher the concentration used cempedak seed starch, than produced a good tablet. Cempedak seed starch can be used as a binder in concentration 8% and 10%. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/55 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 47–61 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/55/51 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/56 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Antioksidan Kombinasi Daun Cempedak (Artocarpus champedan) dan Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L) Halimatussa'diah, Fauziah Fitriani, Victoria Yulita Rijai, Laode Ageratum conyzoides L Artocarpus champeden DPPH antioxidant Research has been conducted with a purpose to find out the potential of the extracts of leaves Ageratum conyzoides and Artocarpus champedan  as an antioxidant compared with vitamin C. Research was done by infused extraction method, and combination both of them with a partition 1:1, 1:2, 2:1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/56 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 248-251 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/56/50 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/57 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Karakteristik dan Analisis Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Pasien Penderita Tuberkulosis Di Puskesmas Temindung Samarinda Kalimantan Timur Fauziah, Nurul Ahmad, Islamudin Ibrahim, Arsyik Tuberculosis Drug Related Problems (DRPs) drugs interactions and patient compliance A study concerning the characteristics and Analysis of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Patients with Tuberculosis Patients in Public Health Center (PHC) Temindung, Samarinda in East Kalimantan. The study was conducted using a prospective approach to the study of data sources in the form of primary data and secondary data. The primary data source is data from interviews with patients and through the provision of questionnaires and secondary data in this research is a Tuberculosis patient medical record data. Data collection was performed by analyzing the accuracy of the DRPs categories of accuracy of drugs, side effects and patient non-compliance. As well as the data recorded in the form of research support patient characteristics are age, sex, and education. Data were analyzed descriptively. Data obtained from patients with male gender 63.6% and women 36.4. Patient with age <15 years 4.5%, aged between 15-50 years and 68.2% aged> 50 years 27.3% . Based on the patient's level of education, no school 9.1%, graduated from elementary school22.7%, graduated from high school18.2%, graduated from high school40.1%, scholar 9.1%. Incidence of DRPs on drugs interactions 507%. Tuberculosis patient compliance rate of 81.8% in PHC Temindung adherent patients and 18.2% of patients do not comply Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/57 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 252-258 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/57/53 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/58 2025-05-15T09:06:25Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Tiwai terhadap Hispatologi Ginjal Mencit Sastyarina, Yurika bulb Eleutherine americana histophatological kidney mice The ethanolic extract from the bulb of Eleutherine americana was investigated for subacute toxicity in Balb/C male mice. The parameter used on this research is kidney histophatological. During subacute toxicity study, bulb plant (0.52, 0,26 and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt) p.o. once daily for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed on the 30th day and the kidney were processed for histophatological. The result of descriptive observation histophatological in kidney shows there is inflammation in glomerulus with 2.6 mg/kg b.wt and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt dosage. There is oedem in tubulus for dosage given in In tubulus 0.52, 0,26 and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2012-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/58 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 62–67 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/58/52 Copyright (c) 2012 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/59 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Potensi Antibakteri Ekstrak Diethyl Ether Daun Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus Ibrahim , Arsyik Rusli Mahkota dewa folium Antibacterials Potential Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Kill Concentration (MBC) This study aims to test the antibacterial potential of diethyl ether extract of mahkota dewa leaves (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl) with the test method Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Kill Concentration (MBC) against the microbe, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The test materials were obtained by maceration of leaves with methanol, followed by partition using diethyl ether and n–butanol, each extract was tested its activity with solid dilution method. Solid dilution test results showed the active extract is extract of diethyl ether. Active extracts were further tested by using MIC and MBC. Value of MIC and MBC is determined by the most active and liquid dilution method followed by scratches on solid media. The results show that diethyl ether extract of mahkota dewa leaves (Phaleria macrocarpa [Scheff] Boerl.) Has the potential antibacterial against bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC value of 0.025%, and the value of MBC, respectively - each is 0.4% for the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, and 0.1% for the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/59 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 17–23 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/59/54 Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/60 2025-05-15T09:07:08Z jtpc:ART driver

Immunosupressant Effect of the Extract of Tridax procumbens on Lymphocyte Cells Line from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematous: Immunoglobulin Gbiomarker Purba, Abdul Khairul Rizki Mahati, Endang Kartika, Yolanda Dyah Astuti, Indwiani Kertia, Nyoman SLE Tridax procumbens immunoglobulin G Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is one of the major autoimmune diseases that can cause severe damage to the tissues and organs in the body and lead to high mortality rates. The clinical manifestations are characterized by the production of autoantibody immunoglobulin G (Ig G) that fights component of the nucleus. The present scientific information issues about peculiar property of Tridax procumbens as immunosuppressant by inhibiting enzyme of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on surface of B cells. This study approved effect of the extract of Tridax procumbens on human lymphocytes cells line with SLE disease.  The aim of this study was to approve effect of extract of Tridax procumbens in suppressing Ig G concentration from patient with stable SLE and patient with active SLE in vitro.  This study was an in vitro experimental design on lymphocytes cell line that was isolated from whole blood patient with stable SLE and active SLE. Lymphocyte cells from healthy volunteer were also collected as control. American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic was used for inclusion criteria.Tridax procumbens was extracted with maceration method in solution of ethyl acetate. The extract was divided in several doses as  immunosuppressant i.e.1000; 250; 62.5; 31.25; 15.13; and 3.91 µg/mL. Supernatant of the cultured cells was collected and examined for measuring Ig G concentration as secretion from activated B cells by ELISA. Ethical clearance had been completed before this study started.  The extract of Tridax procumbens significantly suppressed Ig G secretion in patient with stable SLE at dose over 62.5 µg/mL, but Ig G concentration in patient with active SLE was significantly increased when compared with control. Furthermore from the analysis, effect of the Tridax procumbens extract on Ig G concentration followed dose dependent response.  In in-vitro study, the extract of Tridax procumbens could significantly suppress Ig G secretion in healthy volunteer and patient with stable SLE. Otherwise, the extract does not suggest for patient with active SLE and it needs caution in use and investigation in-depth. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/60 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 68–75 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/60/55 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/61 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Imunoglobulin M (IgM) Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) terhadap Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Siregar, Vita Olivia Rusli, Rolan Ibrahim, Arsyik Theobroma cacao peel extract agglutination immunostimulant Immunoglobulin M (IgM) The research of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) activity of Theobroma cacao peel extract has been done to 20 rats. The parameter is agglutination between serum of rats and antigen. Rats were grouped to 4 group, which are group of negative control and 3 groups as experiment groups those given by extract in 250, 500 and 700 mg doses of rats. On the first day was given SDMK 2% by Intraperitonial and after 5 day the serum taken and tested. The data of agglutination then analyzed by Anova. The experiment showed that Theobroma cacao peel extract has activity as immunostimulant in 500 mg doses of rats effective dose. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/61 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 259-263 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/61/56 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/62 2025-05-15T09:07:08Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktifitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Fraksi n-Heksan Daun Sungkai (Peronema canescens. JACK) terhadap Beberapa Bakteri dengan Metode KLT-Bioautografi Ningsih, Arna Ibrahim, Arsyik Sungkai leave fractination microbial bioautog raphy-TLC Infectious diseases are still a serious problem in Indonesia, as well as the more widespread microbial resistance to antibiotics available. Traditional medicinal plants known potential to be developed as a source of infectious disease treatment is Sungkai Plant (Peronema canescens. Jack). This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of leaf  extracts of n-hexane Sungkai with KLT-bioautografi method against some microbial testing. Microbial testing is used as much as 3 types of gram-positive bacteria that is Basillus subtillis, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus  aureus.  The extraction  method used to  get  the n-hexane fraction obtained from liquid-solid partition using n-hexane. Preliminary research conducted by the screening test n-hexane extract of the solid dilution method with DMSO as a negative control. Preliminary results obtained n-hexane extract gave growth inhibition against all the test bacteria at levels of 1 mg / ml. while the antibacterial activity of the test results-bioautografi TLC method showed some active spots with a diameter of clear zone and a different price Rf. Active spot detection using stain apparition UV 254 nm, 366 nm and 10% H2SO4 spray reagent. Active Spot-bioautografi KLT test results obtained by the four active spots on three types of bacteria that test B. subtillis, St. mutans and S. aureus with Rf value detection results reagent H2SO4 10%, respectively each is Rf 0.75 cm with brown spots, Rf 0, 68 cm purple, brown Rf 0.29 cm and Rf 0.21 cm brown. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/62 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 76–82 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/62/57 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/63 2025-12-23T02:35:32Z jtpc:ART driver

Evaluasi Efektivitas Penggunaan Antibiotika pada Pasien Rawat Inap Penderita Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Bawah di Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta Periode Januari-Juni 2005 Prasetya, Fajar Ikawati, Zullies lower respiratory infection usage antibiotics evaluation The non-TBC lower respiratory infection is a kind of infection that can attack bronchus, bronchioles and lung, the clinical manifestation can chronicle and severe. Generally the caused in children is virus and bacteria while in adult is bacteria, which is using antibiotics in medical attention. The purpose of research is to find out the infection pattern and the kind of antibiotics and to evaluate the using antibiotics based on effectivity. The non-experimental research that was form in a retrospective survey was done through medical record of patient with the lower respiratory infection in the time limit of january-june 2005 in Panti Rapih Hospital. The using of antibiotics was surveyed from medical record then analyzed using quantitative descriptive and presented in percentage. The result was that the most infection from patient with lower respiratory infection is bronchitis 45 % from 132 patients with 137 cases, the biggest percentage is man 58 % and placed in children age between 0-14 years old 52 % with the length of medical attention 6 days in average. Based on this  research 95 % gave clinical respond of fever decerease within 2-6 days and 45 % showed heal conditions, 40 % better, 10 % not heal and 5 % died. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/63 10.30872/jtpc.v1i1.63 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 24–30 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/63/59 Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/64 2025-12-23T02:34:40Z jtpc:ART driver

Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Sediaan Gel Mulut Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hitam Berbasis Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC) Prasetya, Fajar antimicrobials mouth gel black betel gingivitis cavities This study aimed to obtain mouth gel formula ​​from extract of black betel leaves which effectively kill microbes that cause inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and tooth decay (caries). The mouth gel formulation ​​from black betel leaves extract has been made by various concentrate of Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose (HEC) as a mucoadhesive polymer. The optimized mouth gel base determine by evaluation the physical which includes organoleptic, viscosity, pH, the spreadability, and consistency after 16 days storage. The evaluation test was done with pH 7.21 (which lowest) - 7.78 (the highest). The spreadability after 16 days storage of 50 grams for formula 1, formula 2, formula 3 each is 11.33 cm, 5.60 cm, and 4.70 cm. The consistency of the mouth gel formulation ​​from black betel leaves extract on formula 1, formula 2, and formula 3 are no changes occurred up to 16 days of storage. The viscosity obtained after 16 days of storage for formula 1, formula 2, and formula 3 respectively are 4.30 dpas, 37 dpas, and 80 dpas. The result showed that formula 2 has better formulation. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/64 10.30872/jtpc.v2i2.64 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 83-90 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/64/58 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/65 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Antihiperurisemia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Lada (Piper nigrum L.) pada Mencit (Mus musculus L.) Hardian, Hardian Sulistiarini, Riski Rijai, Laode A study of pepper leaves (Piper nigrum L.) ethanol extract anti-hyperuricemia activity in mice has been done. The aim of this study was to know the effect of administration, to look for the best dose and to know the potency of pepper leaves ethanol extract in decreasing uric acid level of mice (Mus musculus L,). The method was in vivo anti-hyperuricemia activity using potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia mice. The mice were divided into 5 groups, i.e negative control, positive control, extract dose of 12.5 mg/kg BW, extract dose of 25 mg/kg BW and extract dose of 50 mg/kg BW. Each group consisted of 3 mice. The test substances were given orally at 0.75 hours after the induction of potassium oxonate then uric acid levels were measured at 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5 and 3 hours after induction. Uric acid levels of mice were measured using a test-strip uric acid. The results were analyzed visually by an average of the measured data and graphs. The results showed that the pepper leaves ethanol extract dose of 12.5 mg/kg BW, 25 mg/kg BW and 50 mg/kg BW capable to inhibit the increase of uric acid levels. The best dose was 25 mg/kg BW, but based on observation, it was not better than the positive control allopurinol. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/65 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 264-271 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/65/60 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/66 2025-05-15T09:07:08Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Daun Tumbuhan Mara Tunggal (Clausena excavata BURM.F) dan Daun Zodia (Euodia ridleyi HOCHR) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Culex SP. Kuncoro, Hadi Clausena excavata BURM.F. Euodia ridleyi HOCHR. larvacide Has done research on larvacide activity Mara Tunggal leaves (Clausena excavata BURM.F) and Zodia leaves (Euodia ridleyi HOCHR) against larvae of the mosquito Culex sp. The study was conducted to see the massive concentration of Mara Tunggal leaves extracts and leaves Zodia can killed mosquito larvae Culex sp. The method used is a test using larvae of the mosquito Culex sp. By using various concentrations of extracts. From the results of research it is known that Mara Tunggal Leaf Extract and Leaf Zodia have activity against larvae of the mosquito Culex sp larvacide. With LC50 values  for the methanol extract of Mara Tunggal leaves 313.33 ppm and methanol extract Zodia leaves is 5321,083 ppm. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/66 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 91–99 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/66/61 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/67 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Optimasi Sabun Cair Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Zingiber officinale Rosc. var.rubrum dengan Variasi Minyak Jarak dan Kalium Hidroksida Paramita, Nanda Fahrurroji, Andhi Wijianto, Bambang Castor Oil KOH Simplex Lattice Design Red Ginger One of the causes of skin diseases are bacterial infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Based on previous studies of red ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc var.rubrum) have antibacterial activity. The aimed of this research was to find the optimum concentration of castor oil and potassium hydroxide (KOH) with good physicochemical properties with Simplex Lattice Design method, and determine the effectiveness of liquid soap against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with disc diffusion test. Extraction of red ginger with shoxletation and 96% ethanol. The optimization liquid soap design was using Simplex Lattice Design. The basic liquid soap composition was used to predict the optimum formula contain castor oil and KOH for comparasion (0: 100), (25:75), (50:50), (75:25), (100: 0). The research showed optimum consentration value of red ginger ethanol extract is 5%. The optimum formulas contained of 40,035 g of castor oil and 10,875 g KOH. The optimum liquid soap’s colour was brown, charateristic smell of ginger, stiff, with a pH value of 9,4, viscosity of 1233 cP, 1,14% free fatty acids and alkali-free 0%. The independent T test result by using the R-2.14.1 program was p values > 0.05 against S. epidermidis and p <0.05 against S. aureus. As conclusion, the Simplex Lattice Design can produce optimum liquid soap formulas and give antibacterial effectiveness. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/67 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 272-282 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/67/62 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/68 2025-05-15T09:07:08Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Antioksidan Beberapa Tumbuhan Obat Kalimantan Timur Herman, Herman Antioksidan Ageratum conyzoides L. Captosapelta Tomentosa V. Lepisanthes amoena Acanthus ilicifolius L DPPH Telah dilakukan penelititan dengan judul analisis aktivitas antioksidan terhadap beberapa tumbuhan Kalimantan Timur yang dianggap sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam ekstrak dan menguji aktivitas antioksidan. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi golongan metabiolit sekunder dilakukan dengan penambahan reagen kimia sedangkan untuk menetahui aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode peredaman radikal bebas DPPH terhadap ekstrak dan fraksi menggunakan spektofotometer UV-Visible  dengan panjang gelombang 517 nm. Hasil identifikasi golongan metabolit sekunder menunjukkan bahwa dari keempat jenis tumbuhan teridentifikasi mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, fenol, saponin, dan tanin serta aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 dari ekstrak kasar maupun fraksi terbaiknya dibawah 100 ppm. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/68 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 100-104 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/68/63 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/69 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Karakteristik dan Pengobatan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Di Rumah Sakit Panglima Sebaya Paser Septiani, Adi Purnama Rusli, Rolan Rijai, Laode Diabetes mellitus patient characteristics drug use drug interactions Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major health problems, every year the number of patients keep increase. DM can cause chronic complications, will degrade the quality of human resources. Drug interactions occur when the effect of a medication change because other drugs, food, or beverages. The best therapeutic treatment concerning the selection and administration of drugs is very beneficial for the patient. This study aims to determine the type and prevalence of DM, characteristics, and use of medications, and potential drug interactions in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Observational study was conducted using retrospective data DM medical records of all patients in Panglima sebaya Paser’s hospital. Then the data are taken randomly 30 patients for further analysis. The Most type of Diabetes Mellitus is NIDDM ( Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Melitus) as much 1.148 patients, the most characteristic is patients aged 45-59 years (76.66%), female (66.64%), primary school education (34.6%), and not work (86.9%), and has a family history of diabetes (55.6%). The most used drug in the treatment of diabetes is metformin (32.5%) of the biguanide class. Drug interactions are the most common is Insulin with captopril (46%). Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/69 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 283-291 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/69/64 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/70 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Mekanisme Aksi α-Mangostin Dari Garcinia tetranda Pierre Terhadap P.Falciparum Secara In Vitro Kuncoro, Hadi Widyawaruyanti, Aty Ersam, Taslim α- Mangostin G. tetranda P. falciparum globin accumulation Development stage of parasite resistance assay and the Globin accumulation using SDS-PAGE Method has been done to parasite P. falciparum by giving α-mangostin from G. tetranda. α-Mangostin cause delays in the development stage of the parasite P. falciparum from stage schizont to stage trofozoit and cause parasite death after 48 hour. Swelling of the parasite of abnormal parasite food vacuole occurred after administration of α-Mangostin show from the results of SDS-PAGE. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/70 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 31–36 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/70/66 Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/71 2025-05-15T09:07:08Z jtpc:ART driver

Potensi Herba Tumbuhan Balsem (Polygala paniculata Linn) sebagai Sumber Bahan Farmasi Potensial Rijai, Laode Herba Balsem (Polygala paniculata) sumber bahan farmasi potensial Tumbuhan balsem (P. paniculata) merupakan tumbuhan semusim yaitu dari biji lalu tumbuh dan akan mati setelah mencapai dewasa selama 4-5 bulan. Tumbuhan ini berbau balsem sehingga dinamakan tumbuhan balsem oleh masyarakat di Kalimantan Timur. Manfaat tradisional tumbuhan ini tidak banyak dikenal kecuali akarnya dipercaya dapat meningkatkan stamina. Belum banyak hasil penelitian ilmiah tumbuhan ini sehingga diperlukan informasi ilmiah untuk pemanfaatannya. Potensi biologi tumbuhan Balsemadalah mudah tumbuh dengan skilus hidup pendek yaitu 4-5 bulan. Beberapa hasil penelitian terhadap tumbuhan balsem terbukti memiliki potensi dalam bidang kefarmasian seperti sitotoksik atau antikanker, antibakteri, dan antimikotik. Potensi herba balsem juga digambarkan melalui kandungan metabolit sekundernya yaitu mengandung alkaloid, flavanoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid. Keragaman metabolit sekunder tersebut menggambarkan kemungkinan masih memiliki potensi kefarmasian lainnya. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/71 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 105–112 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/71/67 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/72 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Karakteristik Pasien dan Pengobatan Penderita Skizofrenia Di RSJD Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda Nisa, Aulia Fitriani, Victoria Yulita Ibrahim, Arsyik Schizophrenia Patient Characteristics Medication. Schizophrenia is a combination of psychotic symptoms with personality disorders typical distortion. The frequency of schizophrenia in Indonesia is 1-3 people per 1000 people , and in developed countries is 1 in every 100 people with schizophrenia. The research Patient Characteristics and Treatment of Patients with Schizophrenia in Mental Health Hospital Atma Husada Mahakam Samarinda was done by analyzing the data obtained from the medical records unit. Analysis method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results are 62,05% male patients and 37,95% female patients, 96,97% patients in productive age and 76,51% does not have job. The causes of schizophrenia are 19,28% genetic and 80,72% non genetic. The selection of medication given to patients consists of antipsychotics, hypnotics and sedatives, antiparkinson, antihistamines, antiepileptic, and antidepressants. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/72 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 292-300 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/72/65 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/73 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengaruh Ketepatan Terapi dan Kepatuhan terhadap Hasil Terapi Hipertensi Di Poliklinik Penyakit dalam RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta Ramadhan, Adam M. Hypertension Accurate Treatment Adherence Hypertension is considered as one of the leading causes of death. Complication in blood tissue that is caused by hypertension and that is becoming the leading cause of death might include several diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), hearth attack, and stroke and kidney failure. The therapy of antihypertensive drug either in monotherapy or in combination therapy plays a very essential role for patients in which the therapy in this case must be given in consideration of the blood pressure and possibility of complication. This research is aimed to observe a description of antihypertensive drug treatment in policlinic of internal disease of RSUP Dr, Sardjito Yogyakarta, accurate treatment and treatment result and effect of medication adherence in decreasing blood pressure. This research is performed using a design of observational study supported by data prospectively taken in order to observe the accurate treatment and medication adherence of the hypertensive patient. The assessment for the therapy achievement was performed using The Seventh Report of Joint National Committee (JNC VII) on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in 2003, meanwhile, the assessment for medication adherence was done by using questionnaire of new 8-item self report Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). Based on the research, it is found that the antihypertensive drug could be in monotherapy and in combination therapy. The use of monotherapy was at (20%) in which it was mostly dominated by CCB category at (8%), while the use of combination therapy was at (80%) mostly dominated by the category of ARB and CCB, namely at (55%). Of 100 out-patients including the inclusion criteria, it was (93%) of them that had the accurate treatment of antihypertension and (7%) of them that did not get the accurate treatment of antihypertension. Again, it was at (91%) that had the accurate dosage of antihypertension and (9%) had no the accurate dosage of antihypertension. In the assessment of blood pressure, the number of the patients obtaining (the accurate medicine and dosage) with the blood pressure that could achieve the target of therapy was at (68%) and (68%). On the other hand, the number of the patients obtaining (the accurate medicine and dosage) but with the blood pressure not achieving the target of therapy was at (25%) and (23%). Furthermore, those obtaining (inaccurate medication and dosage) with the achievement of the blood pressure to the target of the therapy was at (6%) and (6%). It was only (1%) and (3%) for the patients not obtaining (inaccurate medication and dosage), not achieving the target of the therapy. Based on the medication adherence of patients in taking antihypertensive drug was at (50%) with a high level of adherence, (41%) with medium level and (9%) with low level.  From the test of chi-square analysis and from the significant level of 0,002 (p<0,05) it is found a significant difference between adherence and the result of the decrease of blood pressure. Thus, it can be concluded that a high adherence can decrease the blood pressure.  Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/73 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 301-308 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/73/68 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/74 2025-05-15T09:07:08Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi Akar Singawalang (Petiveria alliacea L.) Terhadap Jamur Penyebab Ketombe dengan Metode Broth Microdilution Indriyanti, Niken Adnyana, I Ketut Sukandar, Elin Yulinah singalawang roots olysulfide Pityrosporum ovale Dandruff was an anomaly of scalp caused by abnormal growth of Pityrosporum ovale. Ketoconazole and sulfuric compounds known as antifungal, include antifungal against Pityrosporum ovale. One of medicinal plant that has polysulfide compounds was Singawalang (Petiveria alliacea L.). Activity of ethanol extract and fraction of singawalang roots tested using microdilution broth method appropriate to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) standard, then growth profiles determined by colony count. Microdilution test results showed that Singawalang roots extract has antifungal activity against Pityrosporum ovale with Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) 16 μg/mL and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) 64 μg/mL. Fraction that has highest activity against Pityrosporum ovale was n-hexane fraction of Singawalang roots with MIC 16 µg/ml dan MFC 128 μg/mL. The higher activity of the extract predicted that there were some polysulfide compounds have synergic activity. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/74 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 113–117 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/74/69 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/75 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Skrining Bakteri Simbion pada Lalat Buah (Drosophilla melanogaster) sebagai Kandidat Penghasil Senyawa Antibiotika Syamsid, Armini Fitriyani, Arni fruit flies Drosophilla melanogaster antibiotics Now the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a national and global issues that have a significant impact on public health. We report the screening of bacterial symbionts in fruit flies (Drosophilla melanogaster) as a producer of new antibiotic compounds. This study aims to get antibiotic-producing bacterial symbionts in fruit flies (Drosophilla melanogaster). In this study used methods of isolation, purification and antibacterial testing using four test bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella thyposa). Isolation of fruit flies (Drosophilla melanogaster) that uses peptone solution prepared dilutions to 10-9 and then purification is done by scraping the bacteria on NA medium by repeatedly to obtain pure isolates and subsequently antibacterial test. The results showed that the bacterial isolation 10-8 and 10-9 dilutions allegedly produce antibiotic-producing compound while the antibacterial test using test bacteria showed that the compound obtained from the insulation in the fruit fly (Drosophilla melanogaster) showed the compound to inhibit the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/75 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 309-317 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/75/70 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/76 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Analisis Kuantitatif Neodimium, Praseodimium, Cerium, dan Lantanum dalam Monasit dengan KCKT Pertukaran Ion Herman Baht, Husein H. Agma, Muljadji Neodymium Praseodymium Cerium Lanthanum Monasit HPLC Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum are rare earth elements with considerably high concentration in monazite and xenotime. Samples used in this research are monazite sands from PT Timah Bangka and obtained from Dowa Mining product. The determination and separation of these rare earth elements carried out with ion exchange HPLC method using ion exchanger column Supelcosil LC-SCX with column length 25 cm, diameter 4.6 mm and particle size 5 mm, and using conductometer detector of Waters 432 type. The optimum condition for these rare earth elements were: using ethylendiamin solution of 1.50 mM, and tatrate acid 2.00 mM as moving phase and complexing agent at pH 4.5 with flow rate 0.8 mL per minute and sample volume 10 mL. Research results showed that ion exchange HPLC method can be used to separate and to determinate the concentration of Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum. Chromatograms obtained of these four of rare earth elements were well separated. This was showed from their resolutions (R) which range from 2 to 4 at concentration 100 ppm for Neodymium, Praseodymium, Cerium, and Lanthanum with retention time 9.66, 10.87, 13.42, 16.29 minutes respectively. The concentration of Neodymium, praseodymium, cerium, and lanthanum in monazite (w/w) were 4.580±0.003, 7.860±0.002, 4.200±0.003, 4.160±0.005% respectively. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/76 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 37–45 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/76/72 Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/77 2025-05-15T09:07:08Z jtpc:ART driver

Uji Toksisitas Akut dan Subakut Pada Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine Americana Merr.) Sastyarina, Yurika bulb Eleutherine americana acute and subacute toxicity The ethanolic extract from the bulb of Eleutherine americana was investigated for acute and subacute toxicity in Balb/C male mice. The parameter used on this research is mortality n hepar  histophatological. During acute toxicity study, bulb plant (0.52, 0,26 and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt) p.o. for 72 hour and subacute toxicity study bulb plant (0.52, 0,26 and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt) p.o. once daily for 30 days. The result of the research shows that ethanol extract with 0.52, 0,26 and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt dosage can be said relatively safe because there is no death signal about 50% in 24 hour and the result of subacute toxicity in observation histophatological in hepar shows there is fibrosis n necrosis with 0.52, 2.6 mg/kg b.wt and 5.2 mg/kg b.wt dosage. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2013-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/77 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 118-124 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/77/73 Copyright (c) 2013 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/78 2025-05-15T09:08:24Z jtpc:ART driver

Quantitatif Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of a Carbazole Analog Compounds as Antibacterial using Electronical Descriptors Ahmad, Islamudin QSAR Atomic Net Charges Cross Validation Methods The Quantitatif Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study has been established on 13 Carbazole analog compounds to their antibacterial activity using electronical descriptors. The development of computational chemistry, in particular quantum chemical calculation progression, has made the possibility of molecule modeling and pharmacochemistry exploration of molecule structures. This emerging semiempirical method can be implemented in QSAR using Hansch model. A research associated with QSAR antibacterial activity of Carbazole analog compounds which used semiempirical AM1 (Austin Model 1) method has been conducted. The geometrical optimation of 2D into 3D structures was done utilizing HyperChem program with the Polak – Ribiere algorithm. Results revealed that atom in the position C8, C9, C10 and C12 are necessary to predict biological activity of Carbazoleanalog. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/78 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 2 No. 5 (2014): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 318-322 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/78/71 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/79 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Bioaktivitas Biji Kolowe (Chydenanthus excelsus) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypty Rijai , Laode Kolowe Seed (Chydenanthus excelsus) Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae Kolowe seed (Chydenanthus excelsus) bioactivity against Aedes aegypti masquito larvae was investegated. Assay of Kolowe seed preparation used fresh seed powder, dry powder, rough extract (methanol extract), n- butanol extract fraction, and aethyl acetate extract fraction. Plant material taken from Kamaru, Buton, Indonesia on March 2007. Fresh powder bioactivity (LC50 = 230.60 ppm); dry powder (LC50 = 225.55 ppm); rough extract/ methanol (LC50 = 245.70 ppm); n- butanol extract fraction (LC50 = 235.75 ppm); aethyl acetate extract fraction (LC50 = 250.55 ppm). The research results illustrated that the bioactivity seed from kolowe strong enough against mosquito larvae A. aegypti and dry powder has a stronger bioactivity than the other. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/79 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 46–50 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/79/74 Copyright (c) 2010 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/80 2026-04-08T04:10:01Z jtpc:ART driver

Antihipercolesterolemia Effects and Acute Toxicity Test of Pheophytin on Green Tea Kusmita, Lia Puspitaningrum, Ika pheopytin green tea antihypercholesterol acute toxicity Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol in the blood. Pheophytin is the result of degradation of chlorophyll which is the dominant pigment in green tea, and has been shown to have the same antioxidant properties as ?- carotene. This study aims to determine the antihypercholesterolemia effect and effective dose of pheophytin isolates and acute toxicity tests to determine the safety level of pheophytin isolates. Antihipocolesterolemia test uses induction of high-fat feed that is a mixture of standard food, pork oil and quail egg yolk (16: 3: 1). While the acute toxicity test is carried out based on OECD 423, Clinical symptoms that arise for 3 hours are observed intensively. Histopathological examination data of liver and kidney organs were performed on day 14. Data obtained in the form of LD 50 and clinical symptoms that arise as well as histopathological results were analyzed qualitatively. Statistical test results of percent reduction in total cholesterol levels showed a significant difference between the negative control group and the pheophytin isolates of the three doses. This proves that pheophytin isolates can have antihypercholesterolemic effect with an effective dose of 10 mg/kgBW. Histopathological examination results of aorta and liver of rats showed that the higher the dose of pheophytin isolates, the lighter the degree of fatty acid. While the toxicity test results showed that the LD50 value of pheophytin isolates was more than 2000 mg / kgBW (non-toxic category). However, pheophytin isolate with LD50 is more than 2000 mg/kgBW which has shown the presence of pancreatic degeneration and hydropic degeneration, but necrosis has not occurred yet. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/80 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v5i1.80 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 9–14 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/80/75 Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/81 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Sintesis Oksida Aurivillius Sr2Bi4Ti5-xFexO18 (x = 0,25; 0,5; 0,75; dan 1) Rusli , Rolan Ismunandar Aurivillus oxide solid state reaction Le Bail method magnetic moment Aurivillius oxides Sr2Bi4Ti5-xFexO18 have been synthesized using the solid state reaction method. Powder X-ray diffraction data were refined using Le Bail method implemented in Rietica have space group B2cb, Z = 4, and parameter cell are a = 5.542(8), b = 5.474(9), c = 48.947(1); a = 5.565(5), b = 5.491(9), c = 49,097(1); a = 5.533(7), b = 5.464(7), c = 48.595(2) and a = 5.621(1), b = 5.492(9), c = 49.78(4); respectively for x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. The substitution of cation Fe3+ in these Aurivillius oxides was showed increasing of magnetic moment are μ = 2.67, 3.21, 3.98, and 4.62 for x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 respectively. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/81 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 51–55 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/81/76 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/82 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Analisis Kadar Asam Sianida dalam Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L Sebelum dan Sesudah Perebusan Gama, Sabaniah Indjar Alimuddin P Marliana, Eva Solanum melongena dan Solanum quitoense L Cyanide acid Analysis cyanide acid in Solanum melongena and Solanum quitoense L before and after boiling. Cyanide acid is esthabushed by argonometricm method (Volhard) with three times repetition, for each kinds of eggplants Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L. The research showed have endireated that before boiling the content of cyanide acid Solanum melongena L (Craigi eggplant 71,712 mg/kg, kopek eggplant 46,310 mg/kg, gelatik eggplant 0 mg/kg) and Solanum quitoense L (asam eggplant 30,434 mg/kg) after boiling, the cyanide acid to slop Solanum melongena (Craigi eggplant 19,321 mg/kg, kopek eggplant 6.620 mg/kg, gelatik eggplant 0 mg/kg and Solanum quitoense L (asam eggplant 3.445 mg/kg). There is significant content have been reduced of cyanide acid in Solanum melongena L dan Solanum quitoense L Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/82 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 56–60 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/82/77 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/83 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Studi Efek Samping Obat pada Pasien Neonatus yang Menjalani Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut Dr. Ramelan Surabaya Fitriani, Victoria Yulita Widyati Huibeis, Azis Wisanti, Retno neonates adverse drug reactions NICU Rational drug treatments to avoid adverse drug reactions in neonates are depend on physiologic immaturity and age-related changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factor. This condition lead neonates more prone to adverse drug reaction than adults.The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of adverse drug reactions that occured at Dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital's NICU observed in November 26th 2007 to January 26th 2008. It was also to analyze kind of medication that caused adverse drug reactions.The study employed 94 patients (5 premature neonates and 89 term neonates) who were observed perspectively from November 26th 2007 to January 26th 2008. Demographic data, drug therapy, relevant medical histories, laboratory data were recorded in this study. The study result was assessed by literature study. The study result were analysed with Descriptive analysis. The most common adverse drug reaction occurred in this population was potential adverse drug reaction (99.5%). The most adverse drug reaction generated from this study was come from the use of ampicillin sulbactam (42.7%), gentamisin (31.4%), ceftriaxone (16.2 %), amikacin (7.6 %), aminofilin (1.1 %), ampicillin (0.5 %), and dexamethasone (0.5 %). The study showed that almost all of adverse drug reaction occurred in this study was potential adverse drug reaction (99.5%). Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/83 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 61–66 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/83/78 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/84 2025-05-15T09:03:05Z jtpc:ART driver

Efek Ekstrak Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) pada Ekspresi Telomerase dari Kanker Payudara Tikus yang Diinduksi dengan DMBA Sastyarina, Yurika Khotib, Junaidi Sukardiman Andrographis paniculata DMBA mammary cancer cell proliferation It has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, 7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA),  plays a role in the incidence and growth of mammary cancer. Present study was designed to investigate the influence of Andrographis paniculata extract on telomerase activities on DMBA induced breast cancer in the female rat Sprague Dawley strain. DMBA-induced mammary cancer is a useful model to investigate the changes of epithelial cells that occur during mammary cancer progression. Mammary cancer model was induced 10 times twice a week by oral DMBA 20 mg/kg body weight. Mammary cancer occurred in 75 % animals nine weeks after oral administration of DMBA, it was represented with nodule on the mammary gland and the increasing of mammary gland volume compare with normal control F(1.8) = 731.711; p < 0.001. This study was also designed to investigate the effect of Andrographis paniculata extract mammary carcinoma induced by DMBA. Administration of three different dose of Andrographis paniculata (100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) had statistically different with mammary gland volume of DMBA treated rat F (4.17) = 92.777; p<0.05. So, Andrographis paniculata has significant effect on the treatment of DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma. The Epithelial cells were harvested on day 90 and stained with routine histology staining, hematoxylineosin, for morphological qualitative analysis, immunohistochemical examination. The lesions observed from the removed samples ranged widely from benign to malignant. The results showed that DMBA induce cell proliferation, nuclear irregularities, and numerous mitoses and induced cell necrosis. The effect of Andrographis paniculata inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. On immunohistochemical examination, it shows that Andrographis paniculata can stimulate of telomerase enzyme. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/84 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 67–75 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/84/79 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/85 2025-05-15T08:47:52Z jtpc:ART driver

Efektivitas Antihiperurisemia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Seledri (EEDS) pada Tikus Induksi Kalium Oksonat Rakanita, Yasinta L, Hastuti Tandi, Joni Mulyani, Sri Hyperuricemia Celery Leaf Extract Potassium Oxonate Celery (Apium graveolens Linn) is a plant that contains phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of celery leaf in lowering uric acid levels in white male rats and determine the dose of celery leaf extract which is effective in lowering uric acid levels in male rats. Celery leaf extract prepared by maceration with 96% of ethanol. The design of the study is a randomized block design. Data were analyzed by using statistical test Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significant level 95% and were using 30 male rats divided into 6 treatment groups, each treatment consisted of five rats. Animals model hyperuricemia were induced by potassium oxonate 250 mg/kg except the normal group. Group I (normal) researcher provides a standard, group II (negative) suspension given Na CMC 0,5%, group III (positive) by the suspension of allopurinol 5,4 mg/kg, groups IV, V, and VI were given ethanol extract of celery leaf each with a dose of 50 mg / kg, 100 mg / kg, and 200 mg / kg. Based on the test result that further BNJ dose of ethanol extract of celery leaf is effective with 50 mg /kg. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/85 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i1.85 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2017): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 1-6 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/85/80 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/86 2025-05-15T08:47:52Z jtpc:ART driver

The Immunosuppressant Effect Comparation Between Ethyl Acetate and n-Butanol Fractions of Kalanchoe Pinnata (Lmk) Pers In 2,6,10,14 Tetramethylpentadecane-Treated Mice Indriyanti, Niken Soeroso, Joewono Khotib, Junaidi lupus model Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk)Pers flavonoids ethyl acetate fraction n - butanol fraction Immunosuppressant drugs are the main treatment of lupus patient. The ACR and SLICC treatment guidelines are able to increase the quality of life, but the outcome is not satisfying since the off-label therapy of corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs give a lot of side effects. Many breakthrough efforts still develop in order to find the safe and effective drugs for lupus, such as finding immunosuppressant drugs from natural resources. One of the potential resources is Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers, which have immunosuppressant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant effects. Thus, in the previous study, we found the effect of the aqueous extract of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lmk) Pers is active to repair the lupus manifestation in 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD)-treated mice. Then, this research was focused on the in vivo immunosuppressant effect of a flavonoid-rich fraction of the extract which was consisted of the ethyl acetate (FE) and n-butanol (FB) fractions. The induction method and the extraction procedure were the same as the previous study and then the fractionation was performed by using liquid-liquid extraction. After 2-week treatment of both fractions, we obtained the differences in the total leukocytes, organ indexes, and also the spleen, kidney, and joint structure parameters. The total leukocyte of the FE group was 3,600±264 cells/mm3, which was lower than that in the FB group. The spleen and kidney indexes increased after the administration of FB fraction, while the FE fraction was not. At last, despite the histology observation of spleen resembled mild structural changes differences, the clear differences between both treatment groups occurred in the kidney and joint histology. The differences led to a conclusion that the FE fraction has the better immunosuppressant effect in TMPD-treated mice. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/86 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i1.86 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2017): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 7-13 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/86/81 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/87 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Antibacterial Activity of thanol Extract and Ethylacetate Fraction of Casia Alata Leaf from Kendari-Southeast Sulawesi Nurlansi, Nurlansi Jahidin, Jahidin Casia alata, ethylacetat ftaction, antibacteria activity Active compound extracted from Casia alata leaf was obtained from methanol extract and ethylacetat fraction. Based on research, anti bacteria activity of methanol extract of Casia alata  at concentration 6 mg/mL  gave high inhibition of the growth of positive gram bacteria colonies of B. cereus  and S. aureus  with inhibition zone 11,0 mm  and 16,1 mm and gaves negative inhibiton of negative gram bacteria  colonies of E. coli and  S. typhi with inhibition zone 11,6 mm dan 5,9 mm. Ethylasetat fraction showed higher zone inhibition then methanol extract. Based on research result it was show that ethylacetat fraction gaves strong inhibition of the growth of positive gram bacteria colonies of  B. cereus  and S. aureus  with inhibition zone 18,1 mm  and 14,3 mm, and gave moderate inhabitation for negative gram bacteria  colonies of coli and  S. typhi with inhibition zone 9,0 mm and 5,7 mm. Separation result  of ethylacetat fraction using coloumn chromatography with silica gel G60 F254 Â­as stationary pahase showed that ethylacetat fraction  with  the same concentration at 6 mg/mL show higher inhibition effect  especially for  positive gram bacteria colonies of B. cereus  and S. aureus  with inhibition zone 24,2 mm  and 24.0 mm. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/87 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 219–223 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/87/82 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/88 2025-05-15T08:47:52Z jtpc:ART driver

Pemanfaatan Abu Sekam Padi menjadi Katalis Heterogen dalam Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Sawit Kusyanto , Kusyanto Hasmara, Purwa Aditya abu sekam padi biodiesel kalsinasi katalis heterogen impregnasi Berdasarkan data BPS Kaltim (2014) jumlah produksi padi mencapai 432.612 ton/tahun. Produksi padi tersebut menghasilkan sekam padi rata-rata sebesar 20%. Sekam padi masih kurang dimanfaatkan dengan baik sehingga hanya menjadi tumpukan limbah pertanian.  Abu sekam padi mengandung senyawa yang dapat digunakan sebagai support katalis yaitu diantaranya SiO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan abu sekam padi yang telah dikalsinasi dengan impregnasi KOH sebagai katalis pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak sawit secara konvensional. Sekam padi dikalsinasi pada suhu 500°C selama 3 jam lalu diimpregnasi dengan KOH 1,9 N. Kemudian dibilas dengan aquadest dan dioven hingga beratnya konstan. Transesterifikasi dilakukan pada minyak sawit dengan perbandingan massa terhadap volume minyak (10%, 15%, 20%, 25% v/b). Hasil yang didapatkan, semakin banyak massa katalis yang digunakan, konversi yield yang diperoleh semakin tinggi yaitu mencapai 67%. Viskositas dan densitas memenuhi standar biodiesel. Hasil uji surface area BET diperoleh surface area spesifik sebelum dan sesudah impregnasi berturut-turut adalah 89,937 m2/g dan 5,471 m2/g. Analisa produk dengan menggunakan GC-MS dilakukan untuk mendapatkan jenis methyl ester sterarate, palmitat, dan Linoleat. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/88 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i1.88 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2017): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 14-21 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/88/83 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/89 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Prosfektif Metode Sampel Darah Kering dalam Bioanalisis Supandi, Supandi dried blood spot, bioanalysis, pharmacokinetic, therapeutic drug monitoring Biosampling of dried blood spot method became lately very interested in bioanalysis, some of the advantages given in this method compared to conventional venous canulla (venipuncture); less invasive making it more pleasant for the patient or subject, requires small volume, requires simple transportation process and storage did not need special equipment, suod stabilizes analit and reduces risk of infection. The method of dried blood spot is done by invasive light on the finger or heel prick and then spike on filter paper and dried at room temperature or under nitrogen flow with controlled humidity and stored in bag with desiccant packages, than it analyzed using validation bioanalyzing method. Dried blood spot method can be applied on bioanalysis test for pharmacokinetic, toksikokinetic , epidemiologic and Teurapeutic drug monitoring. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/89 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 224–231 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/89/84 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/90 2025-05-15T08:47:52Z jtpc:ART driver

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Fungi Endofit Tanaman Tapak Dara (Catharanthus Roseus) Arifuddin, M. Bone, Mahfuzun Iswahyudi , Iswahyudi Ibrahim, Arsyik Rijai, Laode Catharanthus roseus endophytic fungi characterization PDA This study aims to determine the diversity of endophytic fungi Tread Dara (Catharanthus roseus) as one of the potential plants that can produce medicinal efficacious compounds. This study includes the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi on Tapak Dara plant using PDA medium. Based on the results obtained 6 endophytic fungal isolates originating from roots and leaves Tread Dara. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/90 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i1.90 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2017): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 22-26 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/90/86 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/91 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:ART driver

Hubungan Jumlah Obat yang Digunakan terhadap Risiko Terjadinya Drug-Related Problems pada Pasien Asma Di Suatu Rumah Sakit Di Surabaya Lorensia, Amelia Wijaya, Rizka I asthma, drug-related problem risk Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the respiratory tract are at risk of polypharmacy, which is associated with an increased risk of drug-related problems (DRPs) and adverse clinical outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the amount of drug used with the incidence of DRPs in hospitalized asthma patients. Research were using retrospective methods, by analyzing the medical records of patients undergoing asthma hospitalizations for 2 years. The number of patients analyzed was 60 people. Results of research conducted by the Spearman test for non-parametric tests, show that there is a correlation between the amount of drug to the type of drugs that are less precise DRPs (p <0.05), so that more and more types of drugs used by patients with asthma, the greater the risk of patients getting the drug less appropriate. Therefore it takes the role of pharmacists in monitoring and recommending rational drug for asthma patients who underwent inpatient in a hospital, for treatment obtained by the patient effective and optimal. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/91 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 232–238 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/91/85 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/92 2025-05-15T08:43:54Z jtpc:REV driver

Senyawa Glikosida sebagai Bahan Farmasi Potensial secara Kinetik Rijai, Laode Senyawa Glikosida; bahan farmasi, kinetika Kinetika molekul xenobiotik dalam sel dipengaruhi reseptor enzim dan non-enzim serta sifat fisiko-kimia dari molekul xenobiotik dan reseptor tersebut. Sifat fisik lipiditas reseptor sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinetika sehingga berakibat pada laju molekul dalam proses pembentukan efek dinamik maupun eliminasi. Rata-rata manusia mengandung 42 liter air yang menempati 3 liter dalam darah dan 39 liter dalam sel. Aqua atau air tersebut sebagai media transport metabolisme baik itu anabolisme maupun katabolisme metabolit dalam sel. Kandungan air dalam sel menyebabkan sifat lipiditas reseptor sangat rendah atau memiliki sifat aqua sangat tinggi. Senyawa glikosida memiliki sifat sangat polar mendekati air hingga menyerupai sifat lipiditas aqua. Sifat fisika sangat polar yang dimiliki oleh senyawa glikosida mempermudah penyerapan dalam sel sehingga memiliki laju pembentukan efek dinamik maupun eliminasi yang baik. Dengan demikian senyawa glikosida sangat potensial sebagai bahan farmasi jika ditinjau dari kinetika. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2016-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/92 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 3 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 213–218 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/92/87 Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/93 2025-05-15T08:47:52Z jtpc:ART driver

Efek Nefroprotektif Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Gedi Merah dan Daun Kumis Kucing pada Tikus Induksi Etilen Glikol Tandi, Joni Roem, Moh. Yuliet, Yuliet Nefroprotective ethylene glycol Abelmoschus manihot Orthosiphon stamineus Nephroprotective compound is a compound that has the ability to protect the kidneys from kidney disorders caused by free radicals. This research aimed to determine the nephroprotective effect of the combination of Abelmoschus manihot leaves and Orthosiphon stamineus leaves extract as well as to know the effective extract dose combinations as nephroprotective. This research applied Group Random Design with 6 treatment groups consists of 5 tested animals. Group I was normal control.  Group II was negative control. All extract groups was given 0,75% of ethylene glycol and 2% of ammonium chloride. Group III was given 100 mg/kg BW of Abelmoschus manihot leaves extract and 200 mg/kg BW of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves extract. Group IV was given 50 mg/kg BW of Abelmoschus manihot leaves extract and 100 mg/kg BW of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves extract. Group V was given 100 mg/kg BW of Abelmoschus manihot leaves extract. Group VI was given 200 mg/kg BW of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves extract. Treatment was given for 14 days and the levels of creatine and urea were measured on day 0, 8 and 15. The results show the nephroprotective effect in all the extract groups, but the most effective one was the group III. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/93 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i1.93 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2017): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 27-34 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/93/88 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/94 2025-05-15T08:45:37Z jtpc:ART driver

Optimalisasi Ekstraksi dan Uji Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan Libo (Ficus variegate Blume) Febrina, Lizma Rusli, Rolan Muflihah, Fairul Optimization of extraction, Libo leaves (Ficus variegate Blume), Secondary Metabolite Libo leaves (Ficus variegate Blume) is never eaten by caterpillars. This is indicated that libo leaves has a good secondary metabolites. This research was conducted on optimization of extraction techniques and test of secondary metabolites of leaves Libo. The optimization was done by changing variables viz. method of extraction, variation of amount of solvent, and duration of extraction. The effectiveness of extraction was seen from % of yield. Method of extraction was using maceration and soxhlet. Methanol was used as solvent with various 1:10, 1: 20, and 1:30. Durations of extraction were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 days for maceration and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cycles for soxhlet. The results show that the best method for extraction libo leaves was soxhlet with 34% of yield, solvent ratio 1:30, and 5 cycle of duration of extraction. The secondary metabolites of libo leaves were phenols, flavonoids and alkaloids. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2015-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/94 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 74–81 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/94/89 Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/95 2025-05-15T08:47:52Z jtpc:ART driver

Kajian Dendrimer (Poly)Amidoamine (Pamam) Generasi 4 Sebagai Template Dalam Pembentukan Nanopartikel Secara In Silico Sastyarina, Yurika Nafisah, Zuhrotun Yusuf, Muhammad Ramli, Martalena Mutalib, Abdul Soedjanaatmadja, Ukun Dendrimer PAMAM nanoparticle in silico Dendrimers are a class of highly branched synthetic polymers that has spherical form consist of three components: core, branch and terminal functional groups. One of dendrimer that has been commercialized is (Poly)amidoamine (PAMAM). PAMAM dendrimer used as a template in the preparation of gold nanoparticles. This research was studied the streched cavities of (Poly)amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer generation 4 using in silico method. Structure of (Poly) amidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers generation 4 downloaded from Building Toolkit (DBT) Library and before the simulation structure was prepared. Then molecular dynamics simulations run using the AMBER program at 37°C in aqueous conditions. From analysis, obtained that the furthest distance of streched cavities at the closest distance from the core, region between residues 2 and 3 is 23.696 Ã… and at the terminal region between residues 100 and 122 is 58.045 Ã… Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/95 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i1.95 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 1 (2017): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 35-42 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/95/90 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/96 2025-05-15T08:45:37Z jtpc:ART driver

Metabolit Sekunder dan Aktivitas Fraksi Etil Asetat Kulit Buah Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain.) terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Bacillus subtilis Ramadhan, Adam M Pangaribuan, Ririn Ibrahim, Arsyik Secondary metabolites, antibacterial activity, Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain. This research aims to determine the identification of secondary metabolites and antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Jengkol fruit peel (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain.) against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Identification of secondary metabolites is done by testing be qualitative. Antibacterial activity assays performed by agar diffusion method with a test concentration are 0,5%, 1%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The results of identification of secondary metabolites are flavanoid, fenolic and tannin. Data has been analyzed with measuring the diameter of the kill zone of ethyl acetat fraction of Jengkol fruit peel against bacterial growth. The result of research showed that ethyl acetat fraction of Jengkol fruit peel produce radical zone. The effective concentration of ethyl acetate of Jengkol fruit peel was 15% against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2015-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/96 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 82–87 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/96/91 Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/97 2025-05-15T08:45:37Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Antijamur dan Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder Isolat Jamur Endofit dari Daun Yakon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) terhadap Beberapa Jamur Patogen Fridayanti, Aditya Ibrahim, Arsyik Fitriyani, Fitriyani endophytic fungi, Smallanthus sonchifolius, antifungal, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Each plant is host to one or more endophytes contain bacteria and fungi. Endophytic fungi could potentially have an activity and produce secondary metabolites same as its host. Yacon leaf (Smallanthus sonchifolius) has been known to have antimicrobial activity that allow the endophytic fungi also has potential as antimicrobial. The purpose of this research was to isolated the endophytic fungi from Yacon leaf which has activity as antifungal and can produce secondary metabolites same as its host. The method that used to test the activity of endophytic fungi are using direct planting method, whereas the identification of secondary metabolites using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and spray reagent. The results were obtained that the endophytic fungi has an activity as antifungal against Candida utilis, Candida albicans and Malassezia Purpur, along with the presence of secondary metabolites that same as its host. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2015-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/97 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 88–93 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/97/92 Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/98 2026-04-08T04:09:58Z jtpc:ART driver

Preparation and Characterization of Betel Leaves (Piper betle Linn) Extract Nanoparticle with Ionic Gelation Method Saryanti, Dwi Nugraheni, Dian Astuti, Nisa Sindi Nanoparticles Betel Leaf Extract Ionic Gelation PSA SEM Nanoparticles are used in drug delivery which can increase mass transfer so increase the absorption and effectiveness of the drug. Therefore, its prospect to improve antibacterial and antioxidants activities of betel leaves. The research aimed to preparation and characterization of betel leaf extract using ionic gelation technique. The formulation of nanoparticles from betel leaf extract with ionic gelation method using alginate and CaCl2 with a ratio of 2.5: 1. The characterization of the nanoparticles includes particle size analysis, zeta potential, particle morphology and determination of flavonoid content. Particle size analysis demonstrated that the betel leaf extract nanoparticles had a particle size of 243,03 ± 1,48 nm, zeta potential of -23,0 ± 0,35 mV and morphology of particle showed that a flat shape. The betle leaf exctract nanoparticle positively contained flavonoid with Rf 0.7 equivalent to quercetin. The betel leaf extract can be made nanoparticles with ionic gelation method using alginate and CaCl2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/98 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v5i1.98 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 15–20 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/98/95 Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/99 2025-05-15T08:48:37Z jtpc:ART driver

Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm f.)Alston) terhadap Glukosa Darah, Ureum dan Kreatinin Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Tandi, Joni Diabetic nephropathy urea creatinine Syzygium aqueum Diabetes mellitus with complications of Diabetic Nephropathy become one of the most common cause of end-stage renal failure in the world. Impaired kidney function is measured by Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Where the decline in GFR was followed by increased levels of blood glucose, urea and creatinine. This study aimed to determine whether there is the content of secondary metabolites in leaves of Sizygium aqueum leaf extract, at a dose of extract what impact the blood glucose, urea and creatinine levels of male rats and whether the water extract of guava leaves have an influence on the blood glucose, urea and creatinine white male rats. This study uses a randomized block design with six treatment groups consisting of five test animals. Group I was normal control (CMC Na suspension 0.5%). Group II negative control (streptozotocin 40 mg/kg). positive control group III (suspension glibenclamide). Group IV given guava leaf extract 100 mg/kg BW. V group awarded guava leaf extract 200 mg/kg BW. Group VI given guava leaf extract 300 mg/kg BW. Treatment was given for 28 days and measured levels of blood glucose urea and creatinine on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The results showed nefroprotektif effect on all groups and most effective extract are a group of guava leaf extract 100 mg/kg BW). Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/99 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i2.99 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2017): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 43-51 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/99/98 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/100 2025-05-15T08:45:37Z jtpc:ART driver

Aktivitas Sediaan Gel Antiseptik Tangan Berbahan Aktif Ekstrak Fraksi Etanol Daun Sungkai (Peronema canencens Jack.) terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Patogen Ibrahim, Arsyik Utami, Indah Woro Agustina, Risna P. canencens Jack, antiseptic gel, E. coli, S. thyposa, dan S. aureu, B. subtllis A research which antiseptic hand gel preparations containing the active leaf extract fraction ethanol Sungkai (Peronema canencens Jack.) has been done. This study aims to know is antiseptic activity Sungkai leaf fraction (P. canescens. Jack) in vitro against to several microbial pathogens in the preparation of antiseptic hand gel, and to know determine the best concentration of ethanol fraction Sungkai leaf in the preparation of antiseptic gel hands each strain of pathogenic bacteria. Test materials obtained by fractionation of the ethanol extract of the leaf fraction Sungkai, further formulated into a gel base antiseptic, tested its activity against several bacterial pathogens, and determine the best concentration of ethanol fraction Sungkai leaf in the preparation of antiseptic hand gel against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thyposa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Antibacterial testing using method in vitro solid diffusion test. The results showed the concentration of ethanol fraction in gel dosage of active antiseptic against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella thyposa, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The best concentration of ethanol extract in the preparation of antiseptic gel was 4% effective at inhibiting or kill the to three bacteria.  Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2015-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/100 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 94–100 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/100/96 Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/101 2026-04-08T04:09:17Z jtpc:ART driver

Effect of Media Types on the Growth of Callus Culture in Kumis Kucing Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq. Widayat, Wahyu Pradana, Muhammad Satyo Ardana, Mirhansyah Orthosiphon aristatus callus Culture Kumis Kucing MS Media WPM media The lack of conventional availability of plant Kumis Kucing makes tissue culture techniques used as a solution to overcome this problem. In tissue culture, media is a major factor in producing a good crop of plantlets. Media Murashige & Skoog (MS), Lloyd & McCown Woody Plant (WPM) media was used in the induction of Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume) Miq cat whiskers callus culture, in this study also used growth regulators in the form of 2,4-D added to each-individual media. The results showed the best callus growth occurred in Murashige & Skoog (MS) media compared to the Lloyd & McCown Woody Plant (WPM) media, where the callus produced was 3.28 g on MS media. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2020-06-30 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/101 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v5i1.101 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 21–28 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/101/99 Copyright (c) 2020 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/102 2025-05-15T09:04:04Z jtpc:ART driver

The Release of Sodium Diclofenac from Matrix Type of Transdermal Patch Fridayanti , Aditya Hendradi, Esti Isnaeni Pelepasan Sodium diklofenak plasticizer kombinasi matrix dari EC N-20 dan PVP K-30 The sodium diclofenac realeased from transdermal patch of combination of ethyl cellulose (EC) N-20 nd polyvinyl pyrollidon (PVP) K-30 was investigated. In this study, matrix-type of transdermal patchntaining diclofenac sodium were prepared using polymeric combination of EC N-20  and PVP K-30 in various  ratios ( 9:1 (Formula I); 8:2 (Formula II); and 7:3 (Formula III)). The percentage of moisture content was calculated as a difference between initial and final weight with respect to final weight. The homogeneity of patch surface was determined using fluorescence microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Released test using dissolution apparatus were carried out in 500 mL of phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 ± 0.05 at temperature 37 ± 0.5°C with speed of swirl 50 rpm. Results were analyzed by statistic programmed of SPSS using one way analysis of variance with degree of believed 95% (α = 0,05).  It can be concluded that the combination of EC N-20 and PVP K-30 at ratio 7:3 was the best choice for manufacturing transdermal patch based on physicochemical and the release profile. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/102 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 1 No. 2 (2011): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 76–82 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/102/100 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/103 2025-05-15T08:45:37Z jtpc:ART driver

Formulasi dan Optimasi Basis Gel HPMC (Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose) dengan Berbagai Variasi Konsentrasi Ardana, Mirhansyah Aeyni, Vebry Ibrahim, Arsyik Gel, HPMC (hidroxy propyl methyl cellulose), gelling agent. Ideal gel formulation can be obtained by formulating some kind of gelling material, but the most important thing to note is the selection of a gelling agent. HPMC (Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose) is a gelling agent that is commonly used in the production of cosmetics and drugs, because it can producea gel that is clear, easily soluble in water, and has a low toxicity. This study aimed to obtain the concentration of HPMC as a gelling agent that has the physical stability in accordance with the stipulated requirements. Gel formulations made with HPMC concentration variation of 3%, 5% and 7%, further evaluation of physical properties include organoleptic test, homogeneity, dispersive power, pH, and viscosity. Evaluation gel base done for 3 weeks. The results of stability tests show the base gel with a concentration of 7% HPMC has a good standard for viscosity, pH, dispersive power, homogeneity and organoleptic. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2015-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/103 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 101–108 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/103/97 Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/104 2025-05-15T08:50:01Z jtpc:ART driver

Evaluation of Synergistic Effect of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Extracts on the Antibiotic Activity Antibiotics against Bacterial Pathogens Fahrinda, Almira Ismail, Sjarif Kosala, Khemasili Fikriah, Ika Yuniati Kaempferia galanga Synergistic Antibiotic Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus Background: aromatic ginger rhizome (Kaempferia galanga L.) is a member of Zingiberaceae family, has been known to have an antibacterial effect is used for everyday cooking spices, but the synergistic effect on broad spectrum antibiotics was unknown. Objective: this research was conducted to find out the synergistic effect of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome extract (KGR) on some broad-spectrum antibiotics against gram positive and negative bacterial pathogens in vitro. Method: KGR was taken from farmers in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Extraction by maceration with ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity test of KGR ethanol extract, antibiotic and synergistic effect using Mueller-Hinton agar, Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on ampicillin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results were expressed in percentage increase of the inhibition zone. Statistical test with t-test, significantly different if p<0.05. Results: KGR ethanol extract showed increase the percentage of antibiotic inhibition zone, ampicillin being the highest and the weakest of ciprofloxacin in E. coli; meropenem being the highest and the weakest of ciprofloxacin in S. aureus, statistically significant different tests on antibiotic ampicillin (E. coli), meropenem and cefuroxime. Conclusion: KGR ethanol extract showed synergistic effect on antibiotic ampicillin (E. coli), meropenem and cefuroxime in S. aureus and E. coli. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/104 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i3.104 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 3 (2018): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 108-113 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/104/102 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/105 2025-05-15T08:45:37Z jtpc:ART driver

Evaluasi Formula Krim Minyak Biji Delima (Punica granatum L.) dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dengan Metode β-Carotene Bleaching Mita, Nur D, Sasanti Tarini Damayanti, Sophi cream, pomegranate seed oil, antioxidant, β-Carotene Bleaching Pomegranate seed oil has a potent antioxidant activity that is potential to be formulate into topical antioxidant dosage form. The purpose of this study is to formulate cream of pomegranate seed oil that physically stable, however have antioxidant activity. Cream w/o was formulated using Tween 80 - Span 80 as emulsifier. Evaluation of cream products includes determining pH and viscosity of the preparations stored for 4 weeks at room temperature, physical stability test by Freeze Thaw method which was carried out for 4 cycles in where 1 cycle consists of 48 hours at 4°C and 48 hours at 40°C. Antioxidant activity was tested by β-carotene bleaching method. The results of the research showed that all cream formulas containing pomegranate seed oil 1% were physically stable and can increase the comfortness in use on the skin. The antioxidant test results showed antioxidant activity of pure pomegranate seed oil and pomegranate seed oil as formulated in creams have antioxidant capacity with inhibition percentage of 73.41% and 52.80%, respectively. Based on these results it can be concluded that the antioxidant activity of pomegranate seed oil in cream decreased 0,3 times. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2015-12-31 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/105 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 3 No. 2 (2015): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 109–119 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/105/101 Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry

oai:ojs2.jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id:article/106 2025-05-15T08:48:37Z jtpc:ART driver

Uji Aktivitas Trakeospasmolitik Ekstrak Etanol Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. pada Organ Terpisah Trakea Marmut untuk Melihat Efek Antiasma Moerad, Emil Bachtiar Paramita, Swandari Iskandar, Abdillah Ismail, Sjarif Pratiningrum, Moriko Irawiraman, Hadi Centella asiatica spasmolytic trachea isolated organ Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by the occurrence of reversible hyperesponsif and constriction of the airways. Asthma is still a major health problem in the world. The provision of anti-asthma drugs is treatment of the disease. However, there are problems of drug side effects and problems costs incurred to purchase the drug, especially asthma is a chronic disease that requires long-term treatment. Thus it is necessary for natural based antiasthma drug development with affordable cost and fewer side effects. This study was conducted to test the potential of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. which is traditionally used by Dayak tribe as cough medicine. This study was conducted to look at the tracheospasmolytics activity of the ethanol extract of C. asiatica on isolated organ of guinea pig trachea to see the effect of antiasthma. The results showed the extract of C. asiatica had significant tracheospasmolytics activity when compared to the negative control. Although the vE max value of C. asiatica lower than aminophylline, but the EC50 value is not much different from the aminophylline as a positive control. It is concluded that the ethanol extract of C. asiatica had the tracheospasmolytics effect based activity for antiasthma. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University 2025-02-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Peer-reviewed Article application/pdf https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/106 10.30872/j.trop.pharm.chem.v4i2.106 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry ; Vol. 4 No. 2 (2017): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.; 52-59 2407-6090 2087-7099 eng https://jtpc.ff.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jtpc/article/view/106/104 Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry 0dbafacfe341485b2bfc0271ee92919c