Effect of Ethanol Concentration on the GC–MS Phytochemical Profile of Curcuma longa Rhizome Extract

Nadya Audina N Sadikin; Nurul Hidayah; M. Ariq Nazar; Dian Respati Ayu; Naufal Sebastian  Anggoro

doi:10.30872/jtpc.v10i2.440

Authors

Nadya Audina N Sadikin Biomedical Science, Agung Putra University Author
Nurul Hidayah Biotechnology Undergraduate Program, Agung Putra University, Semarang, 50223, Indonesia Author
M. Ariq Nazar Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Agung Putra University, Semarang, 50223, Indonesia Author
Dian Respati Ayu Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Agung Putra University, Semarang, 50223, Indonesia Author
Naufal Sebastian Anggoro Biomedical Science Undergraduate Program, Agung Putra University, Semarang, 50223, Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/jtpc.v10i2.440

Keywords:

Curcuma longa, ethanol concentration, GC-MS, phytochemical profile, turmerone

Abstract

Curcuma longa L. rhizome is a highly valuable medicinal plant that is very rich in essential secondary
metabolites, particularly phenolic compounds and sesquiterpenes, which actively exhibit a wide variety of
biological activities. The phytochemical composition of these turmeric extracts is strongly influenced by
solvent polarity, making ethanol concentration a highly critical factor in the overall extraction process.
Therefore, this specific study aimed to evaluate the precise effect of different ethanol concentrations on the
phytochemical profile of turmeric extracts using the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry method.
Turmeric rhizomes were extracted through a maceration technique using 70% and 96% ethanol, and the
resulting extracts were immediately analyzed. Extracted compounds were identified through comparison
with the mass spectral library, and their relative abundances were determined using chromatographic peak
areas. The comprehensive analysis revealed that both samples contained diverse bioactive phytochemicals
predominantly dominated by sesquiterpenes. Major constituents were ar-turmerone, turmerone, curlone, 2-
methoxy-4-vinylphenol, caryophyllene, and bergamotol. Consequently, the 96% extract produced
significantly higher concentrations of ar-turmerone (33.30%) and curlone (12.11%) compared to the 70%
extract (21.16% and 11.78%). Conversely, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol was found to be more abundant in the
70% ethanol extract (3.91%) than the 96% ethanol extract (3.00%). These findings successfully validate
solvent importance.

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