Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) Using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Method

Mohammad Firman; Andi Tenri Nurwahidah; Fiki Ita’ul Badiyah

doi:10.30872/jtpc.v10i1.361

Authors

Mohammad Firman Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Pharmacy, Universitas Bani Saleh, Bekasi, Indonesia Author
Andi Tenri Nurwahidah Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Pharmacy, Universitas Bani Saleh, Bekasi, Indonesia Author
Fiki Ita’ul Badiyah Study Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Pharmacy, Universitas Bani Saleh, Bekasi, Indonesia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/jtpc.v10i1.361

Keywords:

Antioxidant, DPPH, Fractionation, Syzygium polyanthum, IC₅₀

Abstract

Free radicals contribute to oxidative stress and chronic diseases, driving interest in natural antioxidants. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) ethanol extract and its dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. Extraction used 70% ethanol maceration, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via the DPPH radical scavenging assay at various concentrations (50–200 ppm), with results expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values. Phytochemical screening was also performed. The ethanol extract exhibited the strongest activity (IC₅₀ = 47.89 ppm, classified as very strong), followed by the dichloromethane fraction (IC₅₀ = 73.88 ppm, strong), while the ethyl acetate fraction showed weak activity (IC₅₀ = 326.60 ppm). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, with distribution varying across fractions. Statistical analysis of inhibition percentages showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), likely due to limited replicates, but the IC₅₀ trend clearly indicates superior radical scavenging by the polar constituents of the crude ethanol extract

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