Optimization of Carrageenan Concentration as an Emulsifier in Banana Peel Extract Body Lotion with Irritation Assessment

Annisa Diyan Meitasari; M. Fiqri Zulpadly MH; Rahmawati Kurnianingsih; Ariska Wigatiningtyas; Juliyanti

doi:10.30872/jtpc.v9i3.321

Authors

Annisa Diyan Meitasari Sebelas Maret University Author
M. Fiqri Zulpadly MH Sebelas Maret University Author
Rahmawati Kurnianingsih Sebelas Maret University Author
Ariska Wigatiningtyas Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Samarinda Author
Juliyanti Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Samarinda Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30872/jtpc.v9i3.321

Keywords:

Ambon banana peel, Body lotion, carragenan, Irritation test

Abstract

Body lotion is a cosmetic used to soften and protect the skin. Ambon banana peel contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential that can be incorporated into body lotion formulations. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of carrageenan concentration as an emulsifier on the physical and chemical characteristics of ambon banana peel extract body lotion. The extract was obtained using the maceration method and formulated into three lotions containing carrageenan at concentrations of 1% (F1), 1.5% (F2), and 2% (F3). Each formulation was evaluated through organoleptic observation, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, adhesion, spreadability, and skin irritation tests. Statistical analysis included normality and homogeneity testing using the Shapiro–Wilk test and Levene’s test, followed by One Way ANOVA to identify differences among formulations. The results demonstrated that variation in carrageenan concentration significantly influenced several physical properties of the lotion. Increasing carrageenan levels led to higher viscosity and adhesion, while spreadability decreased as concentration increased. In contrast, carrageenan concentration did not produce a significant effect on pH values. Based on the overall evaluation, the formulation containing 2% carrageenan (F3) was identified as the optimal formula. The results of the irritation test proved to be safe without causing an irritating effect on the skin.

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